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科学美国人60秒 SSS 狼群需要更多生存空间

时间:2017-07-06 09:16:34

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(单词翻译)

Wolves Need More Room to Roam 狼群需要更多生存空间

Wolves are vital players in various ecosystems1. So we humans need to develop a better tolerance2 for wolves. And the wolves need more space. That’s according to a new study in the journal Nature Communications.

狼是各种生态系统中的重要生物。所以人类需要培养对狼的更宽宏的忍耐力。而狼群则需要更多空间。此观点依据《自然通讯》杂志上的一项新研究所得出的结论。

“The key implication here is it sort of begins to reframe the entire discussion of conservation, because historically, our model has been almost a postage stamp model, where we protect certain areas and try to maintain intact assemblages of animals.”

“这其中的关键影响是,它似乎开始重塑关于整个自然环境保护的问题了。因为从历史上看,人类塑造的形象更像是一个邮票模型——我们守护自身所在的区域,并试图维持动物群体的原生性。”

\University of Washington ecologist Aaron Wirsing, who took part in the study. He says the findings could lead to changes in how wildlife and land managers create policy.

华盛顿大学的生态学家亚伦·维尔辛参与了这项研究。他表示,这些发现可能会改变野生动物和土地管理者制定政策的方式。

“We need to allow predators3 to occupy more landscapes than just remote, protected areas, on the other hand, we also need to heavily manage them, recognizing that they do conflict with people.”

“我们需要让猎食者占领更多地区,而不仅仅是偏远的、受保护的地区。另一方面,我们还需要对它们进行严格管理,认识到它们的确与人类有冲突。”

That’s why Wirsing is not calling for wolves to simply roam free, throughout North America, Europe or Australia—all places the researchers examined that have dealt with conflicts among people, their livestock4 and wolves. But wildlife management plans should take into account that wolves, although they do sometimes kill ranch5 animals, can also prevent such deaths—by driving away other predators.

这就是为何维尔辛并不呼吁让狼群在北美、欧洲或澳大利亚自由自在地游荡,研究人员调查过的所有地方都涉及了人类、人类饲养的牲畜和狼之间的冲突。但是野生动物管理计划应该考虑到狼能通过驱赶其他捕食者,来阻止农场动物被捕杀,尽管它们有时也会猎食农场动物。

“Worldwide, smaller mesopredators like coyotes, jackals and such, actually themselves prey6 pretty heavily on livestock and can cause a lot of economic damage.”

“世界范围内,像郊狼、豺狼之类的小型捕食者,实际上需要捕食大量牲畜,造成较多的经济损失。”

So wolves could become a net positive in the relationship with people. If they’re given a chance.

所以狼能在与人的关系中扮演一个积极的角色。如果给它们机会的话。


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1 ecosystems 94cb0e40a815bea1157ac8aab9a5380d     
n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样,从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句
2 tolerance Lnswz     
n.宽容;容忍,忍受;耐药力;公差
参考例句:
  • Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
  • Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。
3 predators 48b965855934a5395e409c1112d94f63     
n.食肉动物( predator的名词复数 );奴役他人者(尤指在财务或性关系方面)
参考例句:
  • birds and their earthbound predators 鸟和地面上捕食它们的动物
  • The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. 捕食性动物的眼睛能感觉到最细小的动静。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 livestock c0Wx1     
n.家畜,牲畜
参考例句:
  • Both men and livestock are flourishing.人畜两旺。
  • The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.暴雨和大水淹死了许多牲口。
5 ranch dAUzk     
n.大牧场,大农场
参考例句:
  • He went to work on a ranch.他去一个大农场干活。
  • The ranch is in the middle of a large plateau.该牧场位于一个辽阔高原的中部。
6 prey g1czH     
n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食;v.捕食,掠夺,折磨
参考例句:
  • Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
  • The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。

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