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科学美国人60秒 SSS Climate Change Might Shrink Fish

时间:2017-09-07 01:25:25

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(单词翻译)

Climate Change Might Shrink Fish

气候变化会迫使鱼类变小

As the world's oceans heat up, salmon1 are migrating earlier. Plankton2 are shifting their range. But warmer water temperatures also mean warmer fish—and faster-running metabolisms4.

随着全球海洋升温,鲑鱼迁徙的时间也在提前,浮游生物也在变换生存范围。水温升高也意味着鱼类的体温变高,新陈代谢也变快。

\"Fish that are in water of higher temperature have a higher metabolic5 rate, meaning they have to consume more oxygen." Daniel Pauly, a fisheries scientist at the University of British Columbia. "Because essentially6 the whole metabolism3, all the chemical reactions in your body, are accelerated."

“在温度较高的水中生存的鱼类,其新陈代谢率也会较高,而这意味着它们必须消耗更多的氧气。”英国哥伦比亚大学的渔业科学家丹尼尔·保利说道,“因为本质上,身体的新陈代谢即体内的所有化学反应都在加速。”

So, how about growing bigger gills to allow for more oxygen intake7? Pauly did the physiological8 math, and concluded that bigger gills won’t do the job. Because he says gills, being relatively9 two-dimensional, simply can't keep up with the three-dimensional growth of the rest of a fish's body.

那么,通过长出较大的鱼鳃来增加氧气吸入量可好?保利就此进行了生理推算,得出结论是鱼鳃变大并不能达到这种效果。他表示,相对来说鱼鳃是二维的,因此它无法跟上鱼身其他部分的三维生长。

Instead, Pauly's calculations suggest that, to feed their increasing need for oxygen, fish of all kinds may actually shrink as a result of climate change. With decreased supply, they’ll need to lower demand. The study is in the journal Global Change Biology.

保利的计算表明,为了满足自身日益增长的氧气需求,鱼类们实际上反而可能会因气候变化而萎缩。随着供给减少,它们需要减少需求。这项研究发表在《全球变化生物学》杂志上。

One more detail bears mentioning: warmer water also holds less dissolved oxygen. "So the two effects, increased demand and the lowered supply are working towards making the fish smaller."

还有一个细节值得一提:较温暖的水温下含有的溶解氧也较少。“因此,在需求增长和供给减少的共同影响下,鱼类将朝着变小的方向发展。“”

Which means future fishermen might find a lot of lower-value small fry in their nets.

这意味着将来渔民们可能会在渔网中发现许多低价值的小鱼。


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1 salmon pClzB     
n.鲑,大马哈鱼,橙红色的
参考例句:
  • We saw a salmon jumping in the waterfall there.我们看见一条大马哈鱼在那边瀑布中跳跃。
  • Do you have any fresh salmon in at the moment?现在有新鲜大马哈鱼卖吗?
2 plankton B2IzA     
n.浮游生物
参考例句:
  • Plankton is at the bottom of the marine food chain.浮游生物处于海洋食物链的最底层。
  • The plankton in the sea feeds many kinds of animals. 海的浮游生物成为很多种动物的食物。
3 metabolism 171zC     
n.新陈代谢
参考例句:
  • After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食,卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
  • All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。
4 metabolisms fef5637ca3ae7cdc1a11a48aef5a9487     
n.新陈代谢( metabolism的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Garden snails are evolving slower metabolisms. 花园蜗牛新陈代谢进化缓慢。 来自互联网
  • Elite swimmers tend to be born with certain advantages, such as superefficient metabolisms. 精华的游泳者趋于与某个优点出生,例如superefficient新陈代谢。 来自互联网
5 metabolic 2R4z1     
adj.新陈代谢的
参考例句:
  • Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
  • A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。
6 essentially nntxw     
adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
参考例句:
  • Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
  • She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
7 intake 44cyQ     
n.吸入,纳入;进气口,入口
参考例句:
  • Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
  • There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。
8 physiological aAvyK     
adj.生理学的,生理学上的
参考例句:
  • He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
  • Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。
9 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

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