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CRI实用英语课堂 Unit 20 American Movies II 美国电影 2

时间:2007-11-06 06:54:04

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Part 3 The Academy Awards 奥斯卡金像奖 

    The Oscars! Every January, when the calendar has turned to a new year, the attention of the entertainment community and of film fans around the world turns to the upcoming Academy Awards. Oscar Fever hits, building to the crescendo1 of the annual presentation of golden statuettes, when hundreds of millions of cinema lovers glue themselves to their television sets to learn who will receive the highest honor in filmmaking.

    After three-quarters of a century of recognizing excellence2 in cinema achievement, the annual presentation of the Oscars has become the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' most famous activity.

    The Academy Awards Presentation is also the activity that enables the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to maintain its varied3 year-round calendar of programs and events and a wide-ranging educational and cultural agenda.

    When the first Academy Awards were handed out on May 16, 1929, movies had just begun to talk.

    That first Awards ceremony took place during a banquet held in the Blossom Room of the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. The attendance was 250 and tickets cost $10.

    In 1966, the Oscars were first broadcast in color. From 1971 through 1975 the NBC-TV network carried the Awards. ABC has telecast the show since 1976 and is under contract through 2008.

    The first statuette ever presented went to Emil Jannings, who was named best actor for his roles in "The Last Command" and "The Way of All Flesh." That first year, 1929, 15 statuettes were awarded, all of them to men except for Janet Gaynor. In the second year, the number of awards was reduced to seven - two for acting4 and one each for Best Picture, Directing, Writing, Cinematography and Art Direction. Since then, the Awards Presentations have grown slowly, but steadily5, not only in audience count, but in the fields of achievement covered.

    Today regular awards are presented for outstanding individual or collective efforts of the year in up to 25 categories.

    All voting for Academy Awards is conducted by secret ballot7 and tabulated8 by the international auditing9 firm of Pricewaterhouse Coopers. Secrecy10 is maintained by the auditors11 - the results of balloting12 are not revealed until the now-famous envelopes are opened on stage during the live television program. Because the Academy numbers among its members the ablest artists and craftsmen13 in the motion picture world, the Oscar represents the best achievements of the year in the opinion of those who themselves reside at the top of their craft.

    Up to five nominations14 are made in categories with balloting for these nominations restricted to members of the Academy branch concerned; film editors, for instance, nominate only for Achievement in Film Editing. All voting members may nominate for Best Picture. Awards also are given to the Best Foreign Language film of the Year, a category not represented by a branch. Nominations for awards in this categories are made by a large committee of members drawn15 from all branches. Final winners are determined16 by vote of all eligible17 members.

    In addition to the regular annual awards conferred by vote of the membership, the Board of Governors is empowered to vote Scientific and Technical Awards, Honorary Awards, Special Achievement Awards and other honors. Among these is the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award, a bronze bust18 of the legendary19 producer, which is given to "a creative producer who has been responsible for a consistently high quality of motion picture production." It is considered the highest accolade20 a producer can receive. The Jean Hersholt Humanitarian21 Award, an Oscar statuette, is given to "an individual in the motion picture industry whose humanitarian efforts have brought credit to the industry." The Gordon E. Sawyer Award, also an Oscar statuette, is given to "an individual in the motion picture industry whose technological22 contributions have brought credit to the industry."

    Now let's say something about the Oscar Statuette. It's been called "the Academy statuette," "the golden trophy23" and "the statue of merit." The entertainment trade paper, Weekly Variety, even attempted to popularize "the iron man." Thankfully, the term never stuck. Born in 1928, the Academy Award of Merit — which we know as simply "the Oscar" — depicts25 a knight26 holding a crusader's sword, standing6 on a reel of film with five spokes27, signifying the original branches of the Academy: Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers and Technicians.

    Weighing 8.5 pounds and standing 13.5 inches tall, the statuette was designed by MGM's chief art director Cedric Gibbons. Frederic Hope, Gibbons' assistant, created the original Belgian black marble base; artist George Stanley sculpted28 the design; and the California Bronze Foundry hand cast the first statuette in bronze plated with 24-karat gold.

   Then where does the Oscar name come from?A popular but unsubstantiated story has been that the moniker caught on after Academy librarian and eventual29 executive director Margaret Herrick said that the statuette resembled her Uncle Oscar. Its first documented mention came after the sixth Awards Presentation in 1934 when Hollywood columnist30 Sidney Skolsky used it in reference to Katharine Hepburn's first Best Actress win. The Academy itself didn't use the nickname officially until 1939.

    Oscar has changed his look on occasion. In the 1930s, juvenile31 players received miniature replicas32 of the statuette; ventriloquist Edgar Bergen was presented with a wooden statuette with a moveable mouth; and Walt Disney was honored with one full-size and seven miniature statuettes on behalf of his animated33 feature SNOW WHITE AND THE SEVEN DWARFS34. In support of the World War II effort between 1942 and 1944, Oscars were made of plaster, to be traded in for golden statuettes after the war. Additionally, the base was raised and changed from marble to metal in 1945. And in 1949, Academy Award statuettes began to be numbered, starting with No. 501.

    在全球名目繁多的电影奖项中,恐怕没有什么比奥斯卡的名气更大,历史更长的了。每年颁奖典礼进行时全球都会有超过2亿人观看现场的演出,都会有无数的明星从世界各地赶到这里来参加这个盛会。

    综观奥斯卡73年的历史,你会感受到电影艺术和艺术的进步,你可以看到奥斯卡在世界电影工业中的重要地位。

    1920年代,美国电影制片业已经在南加州奠基生根,以洛杉矶为中心的九大公司:华纳、哥伦比亚、雷电华、共和、派拉蒙、米高梅、联美、福斯、环球等纷纷成立,影片不断地生产,无论美国国内或国外都普受欢迎,各大公司为了拍片需要,又希望以最廉价的薪资掌握属下,以赚取更多利润,而演职员却希望得到更高的待遇,因此,导演及演员们都有成立工会的意图。影片公司老板们深恐一旦工会成立,有了组织便难以驾驭,于是由米高梅翁吾总裁路易·梅耶创议之下,于一九二六年十一月成立了美国影艺学院,也就是Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences )。

    虽然梅耶率先创立影艺学院的目的别有所图,可是多数的会员们却有更高的理想:期望影艺学院能够促进电影艺术与科学的水准,加强业者在技巧和经验方面的心得交流,改良摄制电影的器材及设备,鼓励和奖当优秀的从业人员,故而日后一年一度的奥斯卡颁奖典礼便产生,乃是由首任主席道格拉斯·范朋克提出,获得董事们的热烈附议,并于一九二八年七月由专案小组研拟出会员们的投票办法,经过董事们讨论通过,先产生提名名单,再投票选出得奖者,这套提名( Nomination)制度,日后一直沿用,并被全世界许多影展模仿采用。是奥斯卡最大特色之一。

    奥斯卡金像奖(Oscar Awards)的正式名称叫“电影艺术与科学学院奖”(Academy Awards),奥斯卡只是一个名称,这个名称的来历说法不一,较为可信的是,一九三一年,电影艺术与科学学院图书馆的女管理员玛格丽特·赫里奇在仔细端详了金像奖座之后,惊呼道:“啊!他看上去真像我的叔叔奥斯卡”!隔壁的新闻记者听后写道:“艺术与科学院的工作人员深情地称呼他们的金塑像为奥斯卡。”从此,这一别名不胫而走。

    奥斯卡奖杯的主体为一座13.5英寸重3.9千克的镀金男像,由美国著名的雕塑家乔治·斯坦利设计。按照奥斯卡奖有关的评选规则,一项奖的获得者只能领取一个金像奖座,如果一项奖有两个人共获,则应分别授予他们每人一个金像奖座。

    金像奖的样子是裸体男子,双手交叉于胸前,握着一把长剑,站在一个五环片盘上,每一个环代表影艺学院的一项重要工作部门:制片、导演、编剧、演员、技术人员,最初的奖座由梅耶拨出五百美金交给乔治·史丹利制作,奖座高十三寸半,重六又四分之三磅,内里是合金,外表银上一层金色薄片,看起来闪闪发光,所以称为金像奖。金像奖图样的设计是出自赛赘克·吉朋斯,当时在米高梅公司担任美术师。

    奥斯卡金像奖从一九二九年开始,每年评选、颁发一次,从未间断过。凡上一年一月一日至十二月三十一日上演的影片均可参加评选。金像奖的评选经过两轮投票,第一轮是提名投票,先由学院下属各部门负责提名(采用记名方式),获得提名的影片,将在学院本部轮流放映,观后学院的所有会员再进行第二轮投票(采用不记名方式),最后以得票的多少决定影片的获奖。

    获奖名单是高度保密的。学院会员投票后,选票全交美国的普莱斯一沃特豪斯会计事务所加以统计。选票放在保险箱内,荷枪实弹的警卫人员日夜守护。统计后的用纸则全部烧毁,绝对保密。各项获奖名单,分别装入密封的各个信袋,直到颁奖当日当刻,由司仪当众拆封宣布。

    首届奥斯卡颁奖的项目跟现在不同,只有七项:①最佳影片 ②最佳男演员 ③最佳女演员 ④最佳导演 ⑤最佳编剧 ⑥最佳摄影 ⑦最佳美术设计。以及另外两项特别奖:艺术品质奖及技术效果奖,但这两项只颁了一次,第二届就取消了。首届的金像奖得主在一九二九年二月十八日产生,于五月十六日在好莱坞罗斯福大饭店颁奖,出席人数约二百五十位。

奥斯卡奖项设置

    奥斯卡奖可分成就奖和特别奖及科学技术奖三大类。成就奖主要包括最佳影片、最佳剧本、最佳导演、最佳表演(男女主、配角)、最佳摄影、最佳美工、最佳音乐、最佳剪辑、最佳服装设计、最佳化妆、最佳短片、最佳纪录片、最佳外国语影片等。特别奖则有荣誉奖、欧文·撒尔伯格纪念奖、琼·赫肖尔特人道主义奖、科技成果奖和特别成就奖。

    在上述众多奖之中,最具影响的为最佳影片奖,而最佳男女角奖属表演主奖,获奖人有“影帝”与“影后”之称,是男女演员们凯觎的殊荣。前十九届奥斯卡奖只评美国影片,从第二十届起,才在特别奖中设最佳外语片奖。其参选影片必须是上一年十一月一日至下一年十月三十一日在某国商业性影院公映的大型故事片。每个国家只选送一部影片,这部影片由该国的电影组织或审查委员会推荐,且须加盖英文字幕,送交学院外国片委员会审查。然后进行秘密投票选出五部提名影片。观摩完五部影片后,再由四千名美国影界权威人士组成的评审委员会,选出一部最佳外国语片。

    该项奖只授予作品,而不授予个人。从一九四七年起至一九九三年,意大利获奖十次,法国获奖七次,瑞典获奖四次,日本,前苏联和联邦德国各获奖三次。

最佳影片奖(BEST FILM AWARD) 
该奖从第1届起到73届为止,一直未有变动,只是提名影片的数目有多有少。最多的是第7届,被提名的影片一共有12部。第5至第16届,提名片都在10部以上。此后每届最佳影片都从5部提名影片中评出。

最佳表演奖(BEST PERFOMANCE AWARD) 
该奖项分最佳男主角、女主角奖和最佳男配角、女配角奖4项。最佳表演奖最早只设有男、女主角奖两项,从1936年第9届起才设有男、女配角奖。

最佳导演奖(BEST DIRECTOR AWARD) 
该奖由美国导演公会的全体会员提名,由电影艺术与科学学院的导演部门现任会员最后投票选举。

最佳剧本奖(BEST SCREENPLAY AWARD) 
该奖项又分为创作剧本奖与改编剧本奖两项,它们的提名与最后投票选举均与最佳导演奖相同。经历几次变动之后,从1957年度起,剧本奖改为“最佳创作剧本”奖和“最佳改编剧本”奖。

最佳摄影奖(BEST CINEAMATOGAPHY AWARD) 
该奖项50多年来并无多大的变动,在1938年度第11届之前,仅设一项摄影奖。从1939年到1956年,分为黑白与彩色两项。到1957年两者合并为一项摄影奖。次年又分为黑白和彩色两项。到1967年,由于黑白片产量巨减,上述分类逐渐被取消。从那时起,摄影奖只设一项。

最佳音响奖(BEST SOUND AWARD) 
该奖项从第1届至第30届期间,一律称为录音奖。自1958年第30届起,改为音响奖。

最佳音乐奖(BEST SCORE AWARD)
由于美国的公众崇尚歌舞,在奥斯卡的各奖项中是比较突出的。该奖项又分为最佳作曲、最佳配乐、最佳歌曲等3项。其中歌曲分项从1934年设立以来,一直未变。它授予的对象是为大型故事片创作的一首主题歌,包括词与配曲。

最佳美工奖(BEST ART DIRECTION-SET DECORATION AWARD)
最佳美工奖全称最佳艺术指导——布景装置奖,所谓艺术指导,是指影片的布景、道具等设计。该奖一度有黑白彩色之分,但1967年起两奖合并,仅设一项。

最佳视觉效果奖(BEST VISUAL EFFECTS AWARD)
该奖项授予利用机械、电子技术、光学处理与动画等制造视觉效果上有突出成绩者。该奖项始于1939年,从1963年起,它分为视觉效果奖和音响效果奖。音响效果奖到1968年时才被废除,从而只剩下视觉效果奖一项。

最佳服装设计奖(BEST COSTUME DESIGN AWARD)
该奖项由具有艺术指导部门会员资格的服装设计师进行预选、提名与最后投票。服装设计奖从1948年设立以来,基本上没有多大的变化。只是在1957年之前有黑白与彩色之分。后来几经分合,自1967年起合并为服装设计奖一项。

最佳剪辑奖(BEST EDITING AWARD)
该奖项从1934年设立以来,一直没有变动。其评选方法与摄影奖相同。从第52届起,又出现最佳音响剪辑奖和最佳音响效果剪辑奖。

最佳化妆奖(BEST MAKE-UP AWARD)
该奖项从第54届开始设置。

最佳外语片奖(BEST FOREIGN LANGUAGE FILM AWARD)
该奖项授予非英语国家制作的大型有声故事片。但一个国家只能提名一部。评选提名作品用秘密投票方式进行,每届提名5部,被提名者可派一名代表参加颁奖仪式。英语国家的影片均不许参加该项评选。

最佳短片奖(BEST SHORT SUBJECTS AWARD)
该奖项授予的是指长度不到3千英尺的35MM影片。现分动画短片和真人真事短片两项。

最佳记录片奖(BEST DOCUMENTARY AWARD)
该奖项分为长记录片奖和短记录片奖两项。前者授予长度超过3千英尺的35mm,16mm或70mm记录片;后者授予长度不到3千英尺的35mm,16mm或70mm记录片。按照规定,这三种长、短记录片必须反映文化、艺术、历史、社会、科学、经济或其他领域内的重大题材,而且拍真人真事。该奖项是由记录片奖评审委员会在审查了所有参赛影片后,评选出3-5部长、短记录片作为最后的提名影片。

荣誉奖(HONORARY AWARD)
荣誉奖是所有特别奖中比较重要的一项。它的前身是特别奖,创于第1届。从1950年开始,易名为荣誉奖。该奖授予在电影制作方面有杰出贡献或长期为电影艺术与科学学院进行卓有成效活动的个体或团体。

欧文·撒尔伯格纪念奖(IRVING G THALBERG MEMORIAL AWARD)
欧文·撒尔伯格(1899~1936),好莱坞著名制片人,曾监制不少名片。37岁去世,学院特地设立以他的名字命名的纪念奖。该奖项从1937年设立以来,一直没有变动。他由学院理事会决定,授予“一贯从事电影制作并发挥高度才能”的制片人。规定每届只有一名获奖人,而且只有完全够条件才能获选。曾有几届因没有合适人选而空缺。

琼·赫肖尔特人道主义奖(JEAN HERSHOLT HUMANITARIAN AWARD)
琼·赫肖尔特(1886~1956),学院创始人之一,曾任第11届院长,为使学院摆脱困境曾做出巨大的努力。为了纪念他特设此奖,此奖项从1956年创设以来,一直没有变动。它由学院理事会决定,授予“为给电影事业带来信誉而做出人道主义努力的电影事业人士”,规定每届只有一名获奖者,而且只有完全够条件者才能评上,曾有几届因为没有合适的人选而空缺。

特别成就奖(SPECIAL ACHIEVEMENT AWARD)
该奖项设立于1972年。那时,科幻片、灾难片、动作片日益增多,为了表彰他们在视觉效果和音响方面的革新成就而特设此奖。起先仅视觉效果成就奖一项,后来又增设音响成就奖。但每届不一定两者都评出,而且每一分项的获得者也会有多名。

科技成果奖(SCIENTIFIC OR TECHNICAL AWARD)
该奖项从1930--1931年第四届创设以来,一直没有变动。它授予的对象包括对电影艺术与电影科技有特别价值,并在电影产业中采用先进的工艺、公式、发明与发现的影片。 该奖项又分为一、二、三等奖。

不颁发金像的奥斯卡奖
不颁发“小金人”的奥斯卡奖有下列几种:艾文陶柏奖、金赫休特人员精神奖、科学技术奖。艾文陶柏奖是为了纪念1973年英年早逝的米高梅公司大制片家艾文陶柏而设立的特别奖,主要是颁给功绩卓着的制片或导演,尤其是杰出成就早已受到肯定,却始终与“小金人”无缘的电影人,例如1967年(第40届)颁给希区考克、1986年(第59届)颁给史蒂芬史匹柏,都意味着影艺学院对他们深深的歉意,艾文陶柏奖的奖座是以艾文陶柏的头部雕像为外型。而这些特别奖则是另外成立授奖委员会决定得奖人选。

金像奖之最

获得最多奥斯卡奖者:
华德秋斯奈,总共得到26座正规奖项和6座特别奖。

单一影片获奖最多者:
1959年的《宾虚传》,共计获得十一项。
1998年的《泰坦尼克号》,共计获得十一项。   

获提名最多项目却全部落榜者:
分别为《转折点》和《紫色姐妹花》,各获提名十一个项目。

得奖次数最多的“最佳男主角”:
史宾塞·屈赛、加利·古柏、马龙·白兰度和达斯汀·霍夫曼。

得奖次数最多的“最佳导演”:
约翰·福特,曾四度得奖,作品分别加后:《革命叛徒》、《怒火之花》、《蓬门今始为君开》以及《翡翠谷》。

得奖次数最多的“最佳女主角”:
凯瑟琳·赫本,曾经得奖四次, 作品分别是:《晨之光》、《谁来晚餐》、《冬之狮》和《金池塘》。

首次从影作品即获“最佳女主角者”:
莎莉·布丝的《兰闰春怨》、芭芭拉·史翠珊的《妙女郎》和玛琳·马丁的《悲怜上帝的女儿》。

首位非裔美人奥斯卡得主:
《乱世佳人》的哈芾麦·丹妮尔得到“最佳女配角”奖。

首位中国电影艺术家奥斯卡得主:
黄宗詹是第一位被载入奥斯卡史册上的中国电影艺术家。他的摄影水平超群,以《玫瑰纹身》赢得了第二十八届奥斯卡奖的"最佳摄影"称号。

Part 4 Movie Buffs 电影迷 

Dialogue Script 1 对话原文 1

Ann: What's your favorite movie of all time?
Peter: That's a good question! I don't know. Maybe "Forrest Gump"?
Ann: Why "Forrest Gump"?
Peter: Because I like Tom Hanks, and I thought it had a lot of clever tie-ins. It was like a photo album of the country during the last 30 years.
Ann: That was a good show. Okay. Here's a little bit of movie trivia for you: what movie is the top-grossing film of all time? Peter: Oh, that's easy. " Jurassic Park". It's the only film that has grossed over a billion dollars in history.
Ann: That's true. But when a film's gross is adjusted for inflation, the highest-grossing film is "Gone With the Wind". Okay, which director has 7 of the top 40 highest-grossing films of all time?
Peter: A piece of cake. Steven Spielberg. Give me something challenging!
Ann: All right. What was Dustin Hoffman's debut35 movie?
Peter: The Graduate.
Ann: What year did it come out?
Peter: Oh, I don't know. 1970?
Ann: Wrong, 1968.
Peter: Okay, give me another question, then.
Ann: Which actress has the most nominations for the academy awards?
Peter: I have no idea.
Ann: Katherine Hepburn. She was nominated 12 times and won 3 times.
Peter: Okay, that's enough. My turn. First of all, what's your favorite scary movie?
Ann: Eh, it's gotta be "Psycho". I love that shower scene.
Peter: All right. What was the most popular Robert Redford and Paul Newman film?
Ann: "The Sting".
Peter: You're pretty good. Try this one. Which year was the first in-flight movie?
Ann: 1955?
Peter: Wrong. 1926. The movie "The Lost World" was shown on Imperial Airways36 from London to Paris on April 16, 1926.
Ann: The first in-light movie was 70 years ago? That blows me away. I guess I'm not such a great movie after all.

讲解:

1. 对话中,Ann和 Peter在互相提问,看看谁才是真正的电影迷。电影迷就是movie buff,buff表示“狂热爱好者”。

2. Ann的第一个问题是,What's your favorite movie of all time? 有史以来你最喜欢哪部电影?of all time,表示“古往今来”,也可以说成of all ages.

3. Peter回答I don't know. Maybe "Forrest Gump ",我不知道,也许是《阿甘正传》。这部电影大家熟悉得不能再熟悉了,是由Tom Hanks主演的,他凭此片获得了1995年奥斯卡最佳男演员奖,之前他凭借影片Philadelphia《费城故事》获得了1994年奥斯卡最佳男演员奖。

4. 为什么会是 Forrest Gump 呢?不仅是因为Peter是Tom Hanks的影迷,还因为在影片中有很多巧妙地相互关联的场景,也就是a lot of clever tie-ins,tie-ins表示“相互关联的事物”。整部影片就像是一本关于过去30年美国社会变迁的相册。

5. Ann也同意《阿甘正传》是一部好电影。That was a good show. show这个词呢可以表示“表演,演出,作表演或进行展览”。那么be on show就是某场演出或电影正在上演。接着Ann又问了第二个问题,movie trivia,这里是指一些关于电影的琐碎的知识,也就是电影知识点滴。

6. Ann问what movie is the top-grossing film of all time? 有史以来票房收入最高的电影是哪一部?gross表示“总额,毛利”,就是没有扣除成本之前的总利润,我们平常说的GDP,gross domestic product 就是指“国内生产总值”。另外,gross做形容词还可以表示“粗俗的,令人作呕的”,例如:Those noodles look gross. 那些面条看起来真让人恶心。

7. Peter回答说是《侏罗纪公园》,是历史上唯一一部票房总收入达到10亿美元的电影。但是如果考虑通货膨胀,货币贬值的因素,票房收入最高的电影应该是 “Gone With the Wind”,也就是《乱世佳人》。when a film's gross is adjusted for inflation,就是考虑通货膨胀的因素。

8. Ann的第三个问题是which director has 7 of the top 40 highest-grossing films of all time? 谁是有史以来票房收入最高的40部电影中7部电影的导演?就是Steven Spielberg,他也是人尽皆知的大导演。

9.Peter觉得这些问题还不过瘾,想再来点有挑战性的,Ann就又给他出了一个问题,What was Dustin Hoffman's debut movie? Dustin Hoffman的第一部电影是什么?debut表示“首演,首次露面”,这个词的读音比较特殊。

10. Dustin Hoffman的第一部电影是The Graduate,《毕业生》,是在1968年拍摄的。Ann的下一个问题是Which actress has the most nominations for the academy awards? 哪个女演员获得的奥斯卡奖提名最多?答案是Katherine Hepburn, 她获得12次提名,并获得3次奥斯卡奖。

11. 现在轮到Peter来提问了。他问Ann的第一个问题是what's your favorite scary movie?你最喜欢的恐怖电影是哪一部?scary movie,恐怖片,也可以说成thriller. Ann 回答说是“Psycho”中文翻译是《精神病患者》。

12. Peter的下一个问题是What was the most popular Robert Redford and Paul Newman film? Robert Redford 和 Paul Newman最有名的电影是哪一部?是“The Sting”,中文翻译是《刺》。感兴趣的朋友可以找来电影看一看。

13. 看来Ann知道的还真不少,Peter又给她出了一个难题,Which year was the first in-flight movie? 第一部空中电影是在哪一年出现的?这下还真的把Ann难住了,答案是在1926年的时候一部叫做《失去的世界》的电影在伦敦飞往巴黎的“皇家飞机”上首次放映。

Dialogue Script 2 对话原文 2

Clerk: Welcome to BSC Cinema. Would you like to purchase a movie ticket?
Brian: Umm...I want to know when "Touch of Madness" is showing.
Clerk: There are 5 showings today, one at noon, and then 2pm, 5pm, 8pm, and 11pm. On the weekend, besides these 5 showings, there is another showing starting at midnight.
Brian: I'm sorry, could you tell me the show times for today again?
Clerk: There are 5 showings today, one at noon, and then 2pm, 5pm, 8pm, and 11pm.
Brian: OK, I want 6 tickets for the 11 pm showing tonight. Are there still 6 tickets available that are seated together?
Clerk: I'm sorry, there are only 3 tickets left. How about the 8 pm showing? There are still 10 tickets left for that show.
Brian: But I have a friend who doesn't get off work till 8 pm, so he won't make the beginning of the movie.
Clerk: Well, I think it should be OK if he misses the first ten minutes.
Brian: He works about an hour's drive from here, so he'll never be able to make it in time.
Clerk: So would you like to see another movie?
Brian: No, we all want to see this one. Is there any way that we could buy tickets now for tomorrow's screenings?
Clerk: Yes, you can order tickets right now for tomorrow. What time would you like for tomorrow?
Brian: Tomorrow is Friday, so I think there might be more people who want to see the movie. How many tickets can I buy at one time?
Clerk: The limit for advanced tickets is ten.
Brian: OK, I'll have 10 tickets for the midnight showing of "Touch of Madness" tomorrow. By the way, when can I pick up the tickets?
Clerk: You can have them right now if you pay for them.
Brian: Oh, that's right. Here's the money.
Clerk: Here are your tickets. Enjoy the show tomorrow.

Famous Movie Companies in the U.S.A. 美国著名电影公司

环球影片公司(Universal Picture Co.)

    The Universal name is synonymous with some of the greatest filmed entertainment ever made. Its heritage spans more than 90 years of filmmaking history, coinciding with the earliest days of Hollywood. Today, Universal is recognized as a multi-faceted entertainment company and industry leader.

    In April 2002, Universal Studios and USA Networks, Inc. combined strengths to create Vivendi UNIVERSAL Entertainment (VUE), the U.S.-based film, television and recreation entity37 of Vivendi Universal, a global media and communications company. In addition to its premier38 film and television operations, VUE also includes world-renowned theme parks; a major production studio; a vast library of films and television titles; and a global distribution operation that extends to all existing and emerging platforms, including branded television channels, the Internet, DVD and video-on-demand.

    President and Chief Operating Officer Ron Meyer is leading an aggressive, long-term strategy to maximize the value of Universal's motion picture and television properties by creating franchises39 with long term branding opportunities across all of Universal's businesses. He heads a strong management team comprised of the industry's top executives, who attract and nurture40 the creative community's best talent.

    For more than 90 years, Universal Studios has been bringing unique entertainment experiences to millions of people around the world. We do this through our motion pictures and home videos, theme parks and attractions, television networks and programming, and much more. We are in the business of thrills and chills as well as tears and laughter -- of inspiring wonder and ultimately transforming moments into lasting41 memories.

    Universal Studios has broadened its reach as one of the leading entertainment companies in the world. The Universal global brand has come to stand for the finest in exciting, exhilarating entertainment.

    电影制片公司。1912年美国独立电影公司的老板C.莱默尔把他的公司和N.鲍尔斯等六七家小电影公司合并,组成环球影片公司,在30—40年代成为美国电影业的8家大公司之一。

    莱默尔于1914年在好莱坞北面建起了摄影棚和供拍外景用的场地,命名为环球城。1915年3月环球城正式启用;当年生产影片250部。30-40年代生产了大量低成本影片,其中大多是西部片、音乐片、恐怖片和滑稽片。如B.卡洛夫主演的恐怖片,D.窦萍主演的音乐片,B.阿博和L.卡斯特洛主演的滑稽片,都有很高的票房价值,赢利颇丰。在它的产品中,象《西线无战事》(1930)那样的严肃作品极少。1946年环球公司和国际影片公司合并为环球国际公司。1952年德卡唱片公司购得了环球国际公司的大部分股票之后,恢复了旧名。以后该公司又归美国音乐公司(MGA)所有,直到80年代。50年代一改过去大量摄制低成本片的做法,采取少拍片以提高技术质量的方针。同时采用资助独立制片人拍摄影片的方法,其中不乏成功之作,如《斯巴达克斯》(1960)。60年代,公司集中全力提供电视片和供电视放映的影片。同时还把环球城作为好莱坞的一个旅游中心向旅游者开放而利润倍增。70 年代摄制了颇有影响的《美国风情画》(1973)以及该公司历史上获利最多的娱乐影片《大白鲨》(1975)。

派拉蒙影业公司 (Paramount42 Pictures, Inc.)

    Paramount's lineage dates back to 1912 when Adolph Zukor, the owner of a New York nickelodeon, secured American distribution rights to Sarah Bernhart's four-reel film, Queen Elizabeth. The film's triumphant43 opening on July 12, 1912 as the first full-length drama shown in the United States prompted Zukor to found the Famous Players Film Company. Famous Players began to produce movies in New York, beginning with The Prisoner of Zenda and The Count of Monte Cristo. A year later Zukor invested in a film distribution company named Paramount Pictures.

    June 28, 1916 marked a turning point in Paramount's history. The Jesse L. Lasky Company, which was producing films in Hollywood, California, merged44 with Famous Players to form the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation. The corporation consolidated45 its production and distribution divisions, and audiences began seeing "Paramount Pictures." Zukor and Lasky then constructed a vast new studio on Marathon Street in Hollywood, which the company has occupied since 1926.

    Paramount's early artists included directors Cecil B. DeMille and William S. Hart, and stars Mary Pickford, Rudolf Valentino and Clara Bow. Wings, the studio's 1928 release, received the very first Academy Award? for Best Picture from the members of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

    A few of Paramount's memorable46 post-World War II films include The Ten Commandments, White Christmas, Shane, Psycho, Romeo and Juliet, True Grit47, The Godfather films, Ordinary People, Reds, Terms of Endearment48, Saturday Night Fever, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Beverly Hills Cop, Ghost, The Hunt for Red October, Patriot49 Games, the Star Trek50 movies, Indecent Proposal, Forrest Gump, Braveheart, Mission Impossible and Titanic51. Many of these titles are available rom Paramount Home Entertainment. Please check our online catalog.

    Gulf+Western Industries, Inc. acquired control of Paramount on March 24, 1966. The corporation turned its interest toward the new entertainment division, and on June 5, 1989, G+W was renamed Paramount Communications Inc. On March 11, 1994, Paramount merged with Viacom Inc, under the leadership of Sumner Redstone, chairman of the board and chief executive officer. Sherry Lansing is chairman, Paramount Motion Picture Group. Today, Paramount Pictures, together with Paramount Television, CBS Television, Simon & Schuster Publishing, MTV Networks, Showtime Networks, Infinity52, BET, UPN, Paramount Parks and Blockbuster Entertainment comprise the entertainment leader, Viacom Inc.

    Paramount Pictures is the only major motion picture studio located in Hollywood. It is an expansive, self-contained state-of-the-art production center and business community.

    A.楚柯尔在1912年创立名演员公司,J.L.拉斯基于1913年建立杰西.拉斯基故事片公司。1916年上述两家制片公司合并成立名演员—拉斯基公司。次年,新公司兼并了12家制片公司;以后再把派拉蒙影片发行公司也并了过来,遂于1927年改名为派拉蒙—名演员—拉斯基公司。1930年又兼并了拥有多家影院的帕布利克斯公司,再改公司名为派拉蒙帕布利克斯,逐步发展成为好莱坞的大公司。1930年公司由于领导层的矛盾与经营不善被纽约联邦地区法院宣布破产,1935年重新组织成立了派拉蒙影业公司。新公司生产了一系列由 M.魏斯特、B.克罗斯贝、B.霍甫、D.拉摩、G.古柏和 C.考尔白等人主演的赚钱影片而再次兴起。当时公司的导演有J.von斯登堡,E.刘别谦和R.马莫里安等。公司在40年代发掘吸收了不少新人,如A.莱德、V.莱克、B.兰开斯特、K.道格拉斯等人。导演有B.怀尔德、P.斯特吉斯。公司在40年代最赚钱的影片是《与我同行》。50—60年代,派拉蒙和其他大公司一样受到美国影业萧条的打击,影片产量下降,收入减少。1966年石油资本集团购买了派拉蒙,使其成为海湾与西方石油公司的一家子公司。随着70年代美国电影业的复兴,派拉蒙摄制了《教父》(一、二集)、《油脂》、《周末狂欢》等票房价值很高的影片,公司逐年有盈余,并于1978年达到了创纪录的数字。

20世纪福斯电影公司 (20th Century-Fox Film Corp.)

    Established in 1994 as the independent arm of Twentieth Century Fox, Fox Searchlight Pictures is a filmmaker-oriented company, creating distinctive53 films helmed by world-class auteurs and exciting newcomers. By blending specialty54 releases with trademark55 arthouse fare, Fox Searchlight's leadership has solidified56 its position in the independent film marketplace.

    This year, Fox Searchlight Pictures kicked off April with Cedric the Entertainer's first starring vehicle, JOHNSON FAMILY VACATION, which hits the road with an all star cast that includes Bow Wow, Vanessa Williams, Shannon Elizabeth, Solange Knowles and Steve Harvey. In June, moviegoers met NAPOLEON DYNAMITE57, some sweet moon boots, and skills that can't be topped. The film, which premiered at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival, also opened the US Comedy Arts Film Festival, where it was awarded Best Feature.

    成立于1935年5月,由默片时代的大公司福斯电影公司和20世纪影片公司合并而成,是30-40年代好柒坞8家大电影公司之一。当时公司拥有导演E.刘别谦、E.卡善、O.普雷明格等人,并拥有不少受观众欢迎的电影明星,如S.邓波儿、L.杨、H.方达、G.佩克等,他们曾拍摄了一些有一定质量的影片。这一时期,公司生产的影片样式不一,艺术质量也参差不齐,但影片的技术质量都比较高。 t940年J.福特为公司导演的《怒火之花》可作为艺术与技术质量俱佳的例子。从50年代开始,美国电影业进入衰退时期。该公司为了与新兴的电视抗衡,曾致力于研究宽银幕在商业上的应用。1953年9月16日根据圣经故事改编拍摄的宽银幕故事片《长袍》在纽约罗克亚影院上映,这第一部宽银幕故事片不仅是该公司成立以来最赚钱的影片,也是电影从默片进入有声片以来在技术上的一次突破。60年代,摄制了美国电影史上成本空前的影片《克娄巴特拉》(1963,一译《埃及艳后》),遭到失败。1972年又推出《海神号遇险记》,开创了泛滥于70年代的灾难 片样式。70年代后期,该公司拍片很少。1981年大石油商M.戴维斯买下了这家公司。

哥伦比亚影业公司 (Columbia Pictures Corp.)

    American motion-picture studio that became a major Hollywood studio under its longtime president, Harry58 Cohn. Columbia originated in 1920 when Cohn, Joe Brandt, and Harry's brother Jack59 Cohn founded the C.B.C. Sales Film Corporation to produce shorts and low-budget westerns and comedies. In an attempt to refurbish the studio's reputation, its name was changed to Columbia.

    Columbia TriStar Films Pty Ltd is an affiliate60 of Columbia TriStar Film Distributors International, a Sony Pictures Entertainment company. Sony Pictures Entertainments global operation includes motion picture production and distribution of filmed entertainment in 67 countries around the world.

    Columbia TriStar Films Australia is responsible for the theatrical61 distribution of feature films within the Australian marketplace. Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment is an affiliate of Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment International, a Sony Pictures Entertainment company. Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment is one of the oldest and largest Hollywood based film studios. We have one of the largest back catalogues with a library of over 4,000 film and television products. Columbia TriStar also has an enviable record of success having won more Academy Awards than any other studio.

    Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment is responsible for distribution of video entertainment products. This includes Rental62 and Retail63 of VHS & DVD product.

    1920年,原来在环球影片公司工作的H.科恩、J.科恩两兄弟和J.布兰特在好莱坞成立了一家摄制喜剧短片的小公司,名叫CBC电影销售公司。1924年改名为哥伦比亚影片公司,并于30年代发展成为美国电影业的8家大公司之一,这主要是由于H. 科恩的精明强干和公司导演F.卡普拉的创作才能起了作用。卡普拉在公司工作10年,拍摄了不少颇受欢迎的喜剧,其中包括《一夜风流>(1934)、《弟斯先生进城》(1936)、《史密斯先生上华盛顿>(1939)等。50年代,哥伦比亚公司开始采用对独立制片人和导演资助的办法拍摄影片。公司先后资助一些颇有名气的导演人拍片,如:S.施皮格尔、D.里恩、O.普雷明格、E.卡善、R.罗森和F.齐纳曼,拍出了不少质量高、影响大的影片,如《生于昨天》(1950)、《永垂不朽》(1953)、《在江边》(1954)、《桂河大桥》(1957)、《阿拉伯的劳伦斯》(1962)、《猜猜谁来吃晚餐》(1967)等。50-60年代的美国电影危机年代,哥伦比亚公司通过它的子公司银幕珍品公司向电视台出售公司以前的旧片并为电视台摄制电视片,成为好莱坞最早与电视结合的大公司之一。1968年公司改组,改名为哥伦比亚影片工业公司,下属两个主要分支机构哥伦比亚影片公司和银幕珍品公司,继续从事对独立制片的投资、电视片摄制和新兴的录像带工业。80年代该公司附属于美国可口可乐公司。

华纳兄弟影业公司 (Warner Bros.)  

    WARNER BROS. ENTERTAINMENT, a fully24 integrated, broad-based entertainment company, is a global leader in the creation, production, distribution, licensing64 and marketing65 of all forms of entertainment and their related businesses. Warner Bros. Entertainment, a Time Warner Company, stands at the forefront of every aspect of the entertainment industry, from feature films to television, home video/DVD, animation66, comic books, interactive67 entertainment and games, product and brand licensing, international cinemas and broadcasting.

    In addition to its long-standing position as the industry's preeminent68 creator and distributor of feature films, television programs, animation, video and DVD, Warner Bros. Studios has also become one of the foremost authorities on utilizing69 licensing and merchandising to grow and reinforce its brands, on pioneering new forms of distribution, and on marshaling its vast creative and business resources to build world-renowned entertainment franchises that become appreciating assets in its unrivaled library.

    One of the most respected, diversified70 and successful motion picture and television studios in the world, Warner Bros. Studios began when the brothers Warner (Albert, Sam, Harry and Jack L.) incorporated their fledgling movie company on April 4, 1923. In 1927, the release of the world's first synchronized-sound feature film, "The Jazz Singer," set a character and tone of innovation and influence that would become synonymous with the name Warner Bros. And--as Al Jolson foretold72 in this milestone73 movie--"you ain't heard nothin' yet!"

    Since those early days, Warner Bros. Studios has amassed74 an impressive legacy75 based on world-class quality entertainment and technological foresight76, and created a diversified entertainment company with an unparalleled depth and breadth that has resulted in 20 consecutive77 record-breaking years. Its unmatched consistency78 and success is built on a foundation of stable management throughout its history (especially by entertainment industry standards), long-term creative relationships with many of the world's leading stars and producers, and an unwavering dedication79 to excellence.

    Today, the vast Warner Bros. library, considered one of the best and largest in the world, consists of more than 6,600 feature films, 40,000 television titles and 14,000 animated titles (including over 1,500 classic animated shorts). The library currently consists of film from such distinguished80 banners as Warner Bros. Pictures, Castle Rock, Lorimar Pictures, RKO and classic MGM (pre-1986).

    1923年4月由华纳4兄弟创建。当时总部设在纽约,制片厂设在好莱坞附近的伯班克。华纳兄弟1917年开始在纽约从事电影的发行放映业务,建立华纳公司摄制影片是业务的扩展。1925年接管维泰葛拉夫制片公司,并于1927年摄制、发行电影史上第一部有声影片《爵士歌手》,从而使华纳公司于30年代初进入了好莱坞8大电影公司的行列。华纳公司在30年代以拍摄强盗片、歌舞片和传记片著称,尤以E.G.鲁宾逊、J. 贾克奈、H.鲍嘉等人主演的强盗片最有观众。传记片中也有不少受欢迎的作品,如P.茂尼主演的《左拉传》(1937)等。华纳的影片一般都比较朴素、紧凑,成本也较低,其主题都或多或少与30年代初发生的美国经济危机有联系。50年代美国电影萧条时期,华纳把财力转向制作电视系列片。60年代开始,越来越多地采用向独立制片人投资的制片方式。它成功地拍摄了《窈窕淑女》(1964)、《谁害伯弗吉尼亚.沃尔夫》(1966)、《邦妮和克莱德》(1967)等。1967年加拿大发行电视片的七艺公司买下了华纳公司,改名为华纳—七艺公 司。两年后,华纳—七艺公司又转让到一个大企业集团金尼全国服务公司手中,改组为华纳交流公司。这个公司经营的业务范围甚广,制片和发行影片仅是其中的一个项目。

米高梅公司 (Metro81-Goldwyn-Mayer)

    The name is taken from the three companies that formed a corporate71 merger82 to create MGM Studios in 1924; Metro Picture Corporation (formed in 1915), Goldwyn Picture Corporation (1917), and Louis B. Mayer Pictures (1918), under the control of movie theater magnate Marcus Loew. Louis B. Mayer became the studio boss, and Irving Thalberg, the "Boy Wonder", was head of production.  They took on the motto Ars Gratia Artis (Art for Art's Sake) and their trademark lion, "Leo" in 1928 (who had been born in captivity83 in Dublin Zoo in Ireland).

    For many years, the MGM Lion was the live-action mascot84 for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, appearing in the opening MGM logo sequence to every movie produced by the studio. The cartoon version of the MGM Lion appears in the Tom and Jerry theatrical animated cartoon; Jerry and the Lion. Under Mayer's and Thalberg's management, MGM Studios became the largest film company in Hollywood (although they were actually located in Culver City) by the mid-1930s. In this era, they produced a number of classic films, including Grand Hotel and the Tarzan series, and made stars out of Greta Garbo and Joan Crawford, among others. Thalberg was removed from his position as head of production in 1932, after disputes with Mayer and Schenck, and subsequently suffering a heart attack; at that point, Mayer started bringing in independent producers (notably David O. Selznick) to cover the studio's output. When Thalberg returned the next year, he was reduced to nothing more than a unit producer.

    After Thalberg's death in 1936, Mayer had full control of the day-to-day production duties of the studio, and MGM's output progressed from the literary works Thalberg had preferred to the crowd-pleasers Mayer preferred. Between 1936 and the start of World War II, MGM produced a number of now-classic films, including Gone With the Wind and The Wizard of Oz. During the war, MGM threw itself head-first into war support; many MGM stars helped sell war bonds and performed at USO shows, and a few MGM personnel (notably James Stewart and Clark Gable) enlisted85. During this time, MGM also became involved in the animation business. Their animation department started in the late 1930s, when Hugh Harman and Rudolph Ising came over from Warner Bros. Later on, MGM became home to Tex Avery (who joined them in 1941 after a dispute with Warners producer Leon Schlesinger).

    Tex produced a number of famous shorts at MGM, including Red-Hot Riding Hood86, Swing Shift Cinderella, and the Droopy series. MGM's biggest cartoon stars, however, were the cat-and-mouse duo of Tom and Jerry. Created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, Tom and Jerry won MGM several Oscars and nominations.

    After the war, MGM underwent a sea change, and started primarily producing musicals. Most of the great stars of song and dance worked for MGM at the time, including Judy Garland, Fred Astaire, Gene87 Kelly, and Frank Sinatra. Many of these musicals were successes, but by 1948, the studio was being hit by cost overruns (stemming from the huge budgets given to every picture, even the lackluster ones), and the mismanagement was causing a noticeable drop in quality. No MGM productions won Oscars between 1946 and 1948. This caused the old feud88 between Mayer and Schenck to flare89 up; it seemed Mayer was spending more time tending to his herd90 of thoroughbred race horses than the day-to-day operations of the studio. Schenck ordered Mayer to sell the horses, bring costs under control once again, and hire a "new Thalberg". Writer and producer Dore Schary was hired for this job, and almost immediately the conflicts began. Mayer's taste for wholesomeness91 and "beautiful" movies went completely against Schary's desire for message pictures and gritty realism. In August 1951, after having sparred with Schary over several of his pet projects, Mayer was fed up; he called the head office and said, "It's either him, or me." Jumping at the chance to fire his arch-rival, Schenck picked Schary, ousting92 Mayer from the post he'd held for 27 years. An embittered93 Mayer later attempted an unsuccessful corporate takeover of the studio, but mainly stayed out of the public eye until his death in 1957.

    Despite the chaos94, MGM was able to keep the studio running through the early 1950s. Under Schary's watch, MGM produced some of their best-regarded musicals (An American in Paris, Singin' in the Rain, Show Boat). MGM also started releasing movies in the CinemaScope format95 (licensed from Fox) to compete with the the up and coming television phenomenon. However, MGM also lost one of their biggest stars when they released Judy Garland from her contract in 1950.

    1924年5月17日,美国洛氏公司的老板M.洛把该公司所属的米特罗影片公司和高尔温影片公司、L.B.梅耶制片公司合并,组成米高梅公司。30年代好莱坞鼎盛时期,米高梅公司是最大的电影公司,每年要生产40—50部影片。米高梅在这一时期拥有美国最受观众欢迎的影星和导演,影星如G.嘉宝、C.盖博、J.哈罗、S.屈赛、R.泰勒、J.克劳馥、N.希拉等等,导演如E.von斯特劳亨、K.维多、F.朗格、G.顾柯、V.弗莱明等等。从30年代到第二次世界大战结束,米高梅摄制了数以百计的影片,除了少数影片如《块肉余生》、《叛舰喋血记》(1935)、《茶花女》(1939)、《忠勇之家》(1942)、《双城记》等之外,90%为平庸之作,内容浅薄、脱离现实,往往千篇一律地以虚构的故事、美满的结尾,配上受观众欢迎的大明星和较高的摄制技巧去招徕观众。米高梅公司日复一日地象工厂生产工业品的流水装配线那样大量生产这种影片,为好莱坞赢得“梦幻工厂”的“美名”出了大力。40年代末到50年代初,米高梅曾一度以拍摄大场面歌舞片为重点,生产了几部颇有特色的歌舞片,如《雨中曲》(1952)等。50年代美国电影业发生危机,到60年代初该公司连年亏损,影片产量逐年下降,到70年代初至80年代每年只拍三、四部影片。70年代初,美国拉斯韦加斯的大资本家K.克科里安买下了米高梅公司。新的主管人员把米高梅公司的道具服装等统统拍卖出去,并把资金投入拉斯韦加斯、里诺等赌城的房地产、旅馆业和其他能获利的方面。到70年代末米高梅公司又再度繁荣,但制片却只是这个公司的广泛业务范围之一,1981年米高梅公司出资买下联美公司,改名为米高梅—联美娱乐公司。

Motion Pictures Rating System美国的电影评级系统

    This Code is designed to keep in close harmony with the mores97, culture, the moral sense and change in our society.

    The objectives of the Code are:

1. To encourage artistic98 expression by expanding creative freedom.

2. To assure that the freedom which encourages the artist remains99 responsible

and sensitive to the standards of the larger society.

    Censorhip is an odious100 enterprise. We oppose censorship and classification by governments because they are alien to the American tradition of freedom.

    Much of this nation's strength and purpose is drawn from the premise101 that the humblest of citizens has the freedom of his own choice. Censorship destroys this freedom of choice.

    It is within this framework that the Motion Picture Association continues to recognize its obligation to the society of which it is an integral part. In our society parents are the arbiters102 of family conduct. Parents have the primary responsibility to guide their children in the kinds of lives they lead, the character they build, the books they read, and the movies and other entertainment to which they are exposed.

    The creators of motion pictures undertake a responsibility to make available pertinent103 information about their pictures which will assist parents to fulfill104 their responsibilities.

    But this alone is not enough. In further recognition of our obligation to the public, and most especially to parents, we have extended the Code operation to include a nationwide voluntary film rating program which has as its prime objective a sensitive concern for children. Motion Pictures will be reviewed by a Code and Rating Administration which, when it reviews a motion picture as to its conformity105 with the standards of the Code, will issue ratings. It is our intent that all motion pictures exhibited in the United States will carry a rating. These rating are:

(G) SUGGESTED FOR GENERAL AUDIENCES
This category includes motion pictures that in the opinion of the Code and Rating Administration would be acceptable for all audiences, without consideration of age.

(M) SUGGESTED FOR MATURE AUDIENCES - ADULTS & MATURE YOUNG PEOPLE
This category includes motion pictures that in the opinion of the Code and Rating Administration, because of their theme, content and treatment, might require more mature judgment106 by viewers, and about which parents should exercise their discretion107.

(R) RESTRICTED PERSONS UNDER 16 NOT ADMITTED UNLESS ACCOMPANIED BY PARENTS OR ADULT GUARDIAN108
This category includes motion pictures that in the opinion of the Code and Rating Administration, because of their theme, content or treatment, should not be presented to persons under 16 unless accompanied by a parent or adult guardian.

(X) PERSONS UNDER 16 NOT ADMITTED
This category includes motion pictures submitted to the Code and Rating Administration which in the opinion of the Code and Rating Administration are rated (X) because of the treatment of sex, violence, crime or profanity. Pictures rated (X) do not qualify for a Code Seal. Pictures rated (X) should not be presented to persons under 16.

    The program contemplates109 that any distributors outside the membership of the Association who choose not to submit their motion pictures to the Code and Rating Administration will self-apply the (X) rating. The ratings and their meanings will be conveyed by advertising110; by displays at the theaters; and in other ways. Thus, audiences, especially parents, will be alerted to the theme, content, and treatment of movies. Therefore, parents can determine whether a particular picture is one which children should see at the discretion of the parent; or only when accompanied by a parent; or should not see.

    We believe self-restraint, self-regulation, to be in the American tradition. The results of self-discipline are always imperfect because that is the nature of all things mortal. But this Code, and its administration, will make clear that freedom of expression does not mean toleration of license96.

    In furtherance of the objectives of the Code to accord with the mores, the culture, and the moral sense of our society, the principles stated above and the following standards will govern the Administrator111 in his consideration of motion pictures submitted for Code approval:

    The basic dignity and value of human life shall be respected and upheld. Restraint shall be exercised in portraying112 the taking of life. Evil, sin, crime and wrong-doing shall not be justified113. Special restraint shall be exercised in portraying criminal or anti-social activities in which minors114 participate or are involved. Detailed115 and protracted116 acts of brutality117, cruelty, physical violence, torture and abuse shall not be presented. Indecent or undue118 exposure of the human body shall not be presented. Illicit119 sex relationships shall not be justified. Intimate sex scenes violating common standards of decency120 shall not be portrayed121. Restraint and care shall be exercised in presentations dealing122 with sex aberrations123. Obscene speech, gestures or movements shall not be presented. Undue profanity shall not be permitted. Religion shall not be demeaned. Words or symbols contemptuous of racial, religious or national groups, shall not be used so as to incite124 bigotry125 or hatred126. Excessive cruelty to animals shall not be portrayed and animals shall not be treated inhumanely.

    美国的MPAA,它的全称为"The Motion Picture Association of America"即"美国电影协会",总部设在加利福尼亚(Encino,California )。这个组织成立于1922年,最初是作为电影工业的一个交易组织而出现的。如今它涉足的领域不仅有在影院上映的电影,还有电视、家庭摄影(home video)以及未来有可能会出现的其他传送系统领域。

    美国电影协会的会员主要由美国最大的七家电影和电视传媒巨头的主席和总裁共同担任。他们是:迪斯尼公司(Walt Disney Company),索尼声像(Sony Pictures Entertainment, Inc.),Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc.,派拉蒙公司(Paramount Pictures Corporation) ,21世纪福克斯公司(Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.),环球影像(Universal Studios, Inc.) ,华纳兄弟(Warner Bros. ) 。

    从1968年以来,美国电影协会对所有美国电影都实施评级系统管理。当前,电影评级系统评价一部电影是属于哪个级别,主要依据以下几个指标:电影的主题、电影中暴力、色情、药物滥用等内容、电影中的语言等。经过1968年、1984年和1990年修改后,现行的电影评级系统将所有电影分为5级,即G级、PG级、PG13级、R级和NC-17级。具体含义如下:

·G级:(GENERAL AUDIENCES All ages admitted.)大众级,适合所有年龄段的人观看--该级别的电影内容可以被父母接受,影片没有裸体、性爱场面,吸毒和暴力场面非常少。对话也是日常生活中可以经常接触到的;

·PG级:( PARENTAL127 GUIDANCE SUGGESTED Some material may not be suitable for children.)普通级,建议在父母的陪伴下观看,有些镜头可能让儿童产生不适感.-- 该级别的电影基本没有性爱、吸毒和裸体场面,即使有时间也很短,此外,恐怖和暴力场面不会超出适度的范围;

·PG-13级:(PARENTS STRONGLY CAUTIONED Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13. )普通级,但不适于13岁以下儿童.特别辅导级,13岁以下儿童尤其要有父母陪同观看,一些内容对儿童很不适宜--该级别的电影没有粗野的持续暴力镜头,一般没有裸体镜头,有时会有吸毒镜头和脏话;

·R级:(RESTRICTED Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian.)限制级,17岁以下必须由父母或者监护陪伴才能观看.--该级别的影片包含成人内容,里面有较多的性爱、暴力、吸毒等场面和脏话;

·NC-17级:(NO ONE 17 AND UNDER ADMITTED )17岁或者以下不可观看--该级别的影片被定为成人影片。影片中有清楚的性爱场面,大量的吸毒或暴力镜头以及脏话等。

另补充几种特殊的分级:

·NR OR U:NR是属于未经定级的电影,而U是针对1968年以前的电影定的级。

·M,X OR P:这一级中的电影基本上不适合在大院线里公映,都属于限制类的。

    美国电影协会之所以实施电影评级系统,目的非常简单,就是在观看影片之前提前提供给父母一些有关电影内容的信息,让父母能够决定让他们的孩子看哪些影片,不看哪些影片。所以电影评级系统对儿童青少年的保护作用的实现主要在于父母是否能够很好的履行他们的责任。如果家长对孩子看什么电影并不关心,电影评级系统就不会产生效果。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 crescendo 1o8zM     
n.(音乐)渐强,高潮
参考例句:
  • The gale reached its crescendo in the evening.狂风在晚上达到高潮。
  • There was a crescendo of parliamentary and press criticism.来自议会和新闻界的批评越来越多。
2 excellence ZnhxM     
n.优秀,杰出,(pl.)优点,美德
参考例句:
  • His art has reached a high degree of excellence.他的艺术已达到炉火纯青的地步。
  • My performance is far below excellence.我的表演离优秀还差得远呢。
3 varied giIw9     
adj.多样的,多变化的
参考例句:
  • The forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。
  • The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。
4 acting czRzoc     
n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的
参考例句:
  • Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她,她只是假装的。
  • During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代,她的表演生涯黯然失色。
5 steadily Qukw6     
adv.稳定地;不变地;持续地
参考例句:
  • The scope of man's use of natural resources will steadily grow.人类利用自然资源的广度将日益扩大。
  • Our educational reform was steadily led onto the correct path.我们的教学改革慢慢上轨道了。
6 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
7 ballot jujzB     
n.(不记名)投票,投票总数,投票权;vi.投票
参考例句:
  • The members have demanded a ballot.会员们要求投票表决。
  • The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.工会称他们将要求会员投票表决是否罢工。
8 tabulated cb52faa26d48a2b1eb53a125f5fad3c3     
把(数字、事实)列成表( tabulate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Results for the test program haven't been tabulated. 试验的结果还没有制成表格。
  • A large number of substances were investigated and the relevant properties tabulated. 已经研究了多种物质,并将有关性质列成了表。
9 auditing JyVzib     
n.审计,查账,决算
参考例句:
  • Auditing standards are the rules governing how an audit is performed.收支检查标准是规则统治一个稽核如何被运行。
  • The auditing services market is dominated by a few large accounting firms.审计服务市场被几家大型会计公司独占了。
10 secrecy NZbxH     
n.秘密,保密,隐蔽
参考例句:
  • All the researchers on the project are sworn to secrecy.该项目的所有研究人员都按要求起誓保守秘密。
  • Complete secrecy surrounded the meeting.会议在绝对机密的环境中进行。
11 auditors 7c9d6c4703cbc39f1ec2b27542bc5d1a     
n.审计员,稽核员( auditor的名词复数 );(大学课程的)旁听生
参考例句:
  • The company has been in litigation with its previous auditors for a full year. 那家公司与前任审计员已打了整整一年的官司。
  • a meeting to discuss the annual accounts and the auditors' report thereon 讨论年度报表及其审计报告的会议
12 balloting 8f1753a4807eafede562c072f0b885bc     
v.(使)投票表决( ballot的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Clark took a commanding leading in the early balloting. 在最初投票时,克拉克遥遥领先。 来自辞典例句
  • The balloting had stagnated, he couldn't win. 投票工作陷于停顿,他不能得胜。 来自辞典例句
13 craftsmen craftsmen     
n. 技工
参考例句:
  • rugs handmade by local craftsmen 由当地工艺师手工制作的小地毯
  • The craftsmen have ensured faithful reproduction of the original painting. 工匠保证要复制一幅最接近原作的画。
14 nominations b4802078efbd3da66d5889789cd2e9ca     
n.提名,任命( nomination的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Nominations are invited for the post of party chairman. 为党主席职位征集候选人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Much coverage surrounded his abortive bids for the 1960,1964, and 1968 Republican Presidential nominations. 许多消息报道都围绕着1960年、1964年和1968年他为争取提名为共和党总统候选人所做努力的失败。 来自辞典例句
15 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
16 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
17 eligible Cq6xL     
adj.有条件被选中的;(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的
参考例句:
  • He is an eligible young man.他是一个合格的年轻人。
  • Helen married an eligible bachelor.海伦嫁给了一个中意的单身汉。
18 bust WszzB     
vt.打破;vi.爆裂;n.半身像;胸部
参考例句:
  • I dropped my camera on the pavement and bust it. 我把照相机掉在人行道上摔坏了。
  • She has worked up a lump of clay into a bust.她把一块黏土精心制作成一个半身像。
19 legendary u1Vxg     
adj.传奇(中)的,闻名遐迩的;n.传奇(文学)
参考例句:
  • Legendary stories are passed down from parents to children.传奇故事是由父母传给孩子们的。
  • Odysseus was a legendary Greek hero.奥狄修斯是传说中的希腊英雄。
20 accolade EyDzB     
n.推崇备至,赞扬
参考例句:
  • Four restaurants have been awarded the highest accolade of a three-star rating.四家餐馆获授予三星级餐馆的最高荣誉称号。
  • The Nobel prize has become the ultimate accolade in the sciences.诺贝尔奖已成为科学界的最高荣誉。
21 humanitarian kcoxQ     
n.人道主义者,博爱者,基督凡人论者
参考例句:
  • She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业,并作了很大的贡献。
  • The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。
22 technological gqiwY     
adj.技术的;工艺的
参考例句:
  • A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
  • Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今, 随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。
23 trophy 8UFzI     
n.优胜旗,奖品,奖杯,战胜品,纪念品
参考例句:
  • The cup is a cherished trophy of the company.那只奖杯是该公司很珍惜的奖品。
  • He hung the lion's head as a trophy.他把那狮子头挂起来作为狩猎纪念品。
24 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
25 depicts fd8ee09c0b2264bb6b44abf7282d37f6     
描绘,描画( depict的第三人称单数 ); 描述
参考例句:
  • The book vividly depicts French society of the 1930s. 这本书生动地描绘了20 世纪30 年代的法国社会。
  • He depicts the sordid and vulgar sides of life exclusively. 他只描写人生肮脏和庸俗的一面。
26 knight W2Hxk     
n.骑士,武士;爵士
参考例句:
  • He was made an honourary knight.他被授予荣誉爵士称号。
  • A knight rode on his richly caparisoned steed.一个骑士骑在装饰华丽的马上。
27 spokes 6eff3c46e9c3a82f787a7c99669b9bfb     
n.(车轮的)辐条( spoke的名词复数 );轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动
参考例句:
  • Her baby caught his fingers in the spokes of the pram wheel. 她宝宝的手指被婴儿车轮的辐条卡住了。 来自辞典例句
  • The new edges are called the spokes of the wheel. 新的边称为轮的辐。 来自辞典例句
28 sculpted da5be298460bb9f4b0690c2dc86da0af     
adj.经雕塑的
参考例句:
  • a display of animals sculpted in ice 冰雕动物展
  • The ladies had their hair sculpted by the leading coiffeur of the day. 女士们的发型都是当代有名的理发师做的。
29 eventual AnLx8     
adj.最后的,结局的,最终的
参考例句:
  • Several schools face eventual closure.几所学校面临最终关闭。
  • Both parties expressed optimism about an eventual solution.双方对问题的最终解决都表示乐观。
30 columnist XwwzUQ     
n.专栏作家
参考例句:
  • The host was interviewing a local columnist.节目主持人正在同一位当地的专栏作家交谈。
  • She's a columnist for USA Today.她是《今日美国报》的专栏作家。
31 juvenile OkEy2     
n.青少年,少年读物;adj.青少年的,幼稚的
参考例句:
  • For a grown man he acted in a very juvenile manner.身为成年人,他的行为举止显得十分幼稚。
  • Juvenile crime is increasing at a terrifying rate.青少年犯罪正在以惊人的速度增长。
32 replicas 3b4024e8d65041c460d20d6a2065f3bd     
n.复制品( replica的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • His hobby is building replicas of cars. 他的爱好是制作汽车的复制品。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The replicas are made by using a thin film of fusible alloy on a stiffening platen. 复制是用附着在加强托板上的可熔合金薄膜实现的。 来自辞典例句
33 animated Cz7zMa     
adj.生气勃勃的,活跃的,愉快的
参考例句:
  • His observations gave rise to an animated and lively discussion.他的言论引起了一场气氛热烈而活跃的讨论。
  • We had an animated discussion over current events last evening.昨天晚上我们热烈地讨论时事。
34 dwarfs a9ddd2c1a88a74fc7bd6a9a0d16c2817     
n.侏儒,矮子(dwarf的复数形式)vt.(使)显得矮小(dwarf的第三人称单数形式)
参考例句:
  • Shakespeare dwarfs other dramatists. 莎士比亚使其他剧作家相形见绌。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The new building dwarfs all the other buildings in the town. 新大楼使城里所有其他建筑物都显得矮小了。 来自辞典例句
35 debut IxGxy     
n.首次演出,初次露面
参考例句:
  • That same year he made his Broadway debut, playing a suave radio journalist.在那同一年里,他初次在百老汇登台,扮演一个温文而雅的电台记者。
  • The actress made her debut in the new comedy.这位演员在那出新喜剧中首次登台演出。
36 AIRWAYS 5a794ea66d6229951550b106ef7caa7a     
航空公司
参考例句:
  • The giant jets that increasingly dominate the world's airways. 越来越称雄于世界航线的巨型喷气机。
  • At one point the company bought from Nippon Airways a 727 jet. 有一次公司从日本航空公司买了一架727型喷气机。
37 entity vo8xl     
n.实体,独立存在体,实际存在物
参考例句:
  • The country is no longer one political entity.这个国家不再是一个统一的政治实体了。
  • As a separate legal entity,the corporation must pay taxes.作为一个独立的法律实体,公司必须纳税。
38 premier R19z3     
adj.首要的;n.总理,首相
参考例句:
  • The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。
  • He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。
39 franchises ef6665e7cd0e166d2f4deb0f4f26c671     
n.(尤指选举议员的)选举权( franchise的名词复数 );参政权;获特许权的商业机构(或服务);(公司授予的)特许经销权v.给…以特许权,出售特许权( franchise的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • TV franchises will be auctioned to the highest bidder. 电视特许经营权将拍卖给出价最高的投标人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Ford dealerships operated as independent franchises. 福特汽车公司的代销商都是独立的联营商。 来自辞典例句
40 nurture K5sz3     
n.养育,照顾,教育;滋养,营养品;vt.养育,给与营养物,教养,扶持
参考例句:
  • The tree grows well in his nurture.在他的培育下这棵树长得很好。
  • The two sisters had received very different nurture.这俩个姊妹接受过极不同的教育。
41 lasting IpCz02     
adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持
参考例句:
  • The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
  • We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。
42 paramount fL9xz     
a.最重要的,最高权力的
参考例句:
  • My paramount object is to save the Union and destroy slavery.我的最高目标是拯救美国,摧毁奴隶制度。
  • Nitrogen is of paramount importance to life on earth.氮对地球上的生命至关重要。
43 triumphant JpQys     
adj.胜利的,成功的;狂欢的,喜悦的
参考例句:
  • The army made a triumphant entry into the enemy's capital.部队胜利地进入了敌方首都。
  • There was a positively triumphant note in her voice.她的声音里带有一种极为得意的语气。
44 merged d33b2d33223e1272c8bbe02180876e6f     
(使)混合( merge的过去式和过去分词 ); 相融; 融入; 渐渐消失在某物中
参考例句:
  • Turf wars are inevitable when two departments are merged. 两个部门合并时总免不了争争权限。
  • The small shops were merged into a large market. 那些小商店合并成为一个大商场。
45 consolidated dv3zqt     
a.联合的
参考例句:
  • With this new movie he has consolidated his position as the country's leading director. 他新执导的影片巩固了他作为全国最佳导演的地位。
  • Those two banks have consolidated and formed a single large bank. 那两家银行已合并成一家大银行。
46 memorable K2XyQ     
adj.值得回忆的,难忘的,特别的,显著的
参考例句:
  • This was indeed the most memorable day of my life.这的确是我一生中最值得怀念的日子。
  • The veteran soldier has fought many memorable battles.这个老兵参加过许多难忘的战斗。
47 grit LlMyH     
n.沙粒,决心,勇气;v.下定决心,咬紧牙关
参考例句:
  • The soldiers showed that they had plenty of grit. 士兵们表现得很有勇气。
  • I've got some grit in my shoe.我的鞋子里弄进了一些砂子。
48 endearment tpmxH     
n.表示亲爱的行为
参考例句:
  • This endearment indicated the highest degree of delight in the old cooper.这个称呼是老箍桶匠快乐到了极点的表示。
  • To every endearment and attention he continued listless.对于每一种亲爱的表示和每一种的照顾,他一直漫不在意。
49 patriot a3kzu     
n.爱国者,爱国主义者
参考例句:
  • He avowed himself a patriot.他自称自己是爱国者。
  • He is a patriot who has won the admiration of the French already.他是一个已经赢得法国人敬仰的爱国者。
50 trek 9m8wi     
vi.作长途艰辛的旅行;n.长途艰苦的旅行
参考例句:
  • We often go pony-trek in the summer.夏季我们经常骑马旅行。
  • It took us the whole day to trek across the rocky terrain.我们花了一整天的时间艰难地穿过那片遍布岩石的地带。
51 titanic NoJwR     
adj.巨人的,庞大的,强大的
参考例句:
  • We have been making titanic effort to achieve our purpose.我们一直在作极大的努力,以达到我们的目的。
  • The island was created by titanic powers and they are still at work today.台湾岛是由一个至今仍然在运作的巨大力量塑造出来的。
52 infinity o7QxG     
n.无限,无穷,大量
参考例句:
  • It is impossible to count up to infinity.不可能数到无穷大。
  • Theoretically,a line can extend into infinity.从理论上来说直线可以无限地延伸。
53 distinctive Es5xr     
adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的
参考例句:
  • She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
  • This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。
54 specialty SrGy7     
n.(speciality)特性,特质;专业,专长
参考例句:
  • Shell carvings are a specialty of the town.贝雕是该城的特产。
  • His specialty is English literature.他的专业是英国文学。
55 trademark Xndw8     
n.商标;特征;vt.注册的…商标
参考例句:
  • The trademark is registered on the book of the Patent Office.该商标已在专利局登记注册。
  • The trademark of the pen was changed.这钢笔的商标改了。
56 solidified ec92c58adafe8f3291136b615a7bae5b     
(使)成为固体,(使)变硬,(使)变得坚固( solidify的过去式和过去分词 ); 使团结一致; 充实,巩固; 具体化
参考例句:
  • Her attitudes solidified through privilege and habit. 由于特权和习惯使然,她的看法变得越来越难以改变。
  • When threatened, he fires spheres of solidified air from his launcher! 当危险来临,他就会发射它的弹药!
57 dynamite rrPxB     
n./vt.(用)炸药(爆破)
参考例句:
  • The workmen detonated the dynamite.工人们把炸药引爆了。
  • The philosopher was still political dynamite.那位哲学家仍旧是政治上的爆炸性人物。
58 harry heBxS     
vt.掠夺,蹂躏,使苦恼
参考例句:
  • Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天,人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
  • Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。
59 jack 53Hxp     
n.插座,千斤顶,男人;v.抬起,提醒,扛举;n.(Jake)杰克
参考例句:
  • I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
  • He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。
60 affiliate TVBzj     
vt.使隶(附)属于;n.附属机构,分公司
参考例句:
  • Our New York company has an affiliate in Los Angeles.我们的纽约公司在洛杉矶有一个下属企业。
  • What is the difference between affiliate and regular membership?固定会员和附属会员之间的区别是什么?
61 theatrical pIRzF     
adj.剧场的,演戏的;做戏似的,做作的
参考例句:
  • The final scene was dismayingly lacking in theatrical effect.最后一场缺乏戏剧效果,叫人失望。
  • She always makes some theatrical gesture.她老在做些夸张的手势。
62 rental cBezh     
n.租赁,出租,出租业
参考例句:
  • The yearly rental of her house is 2400 yuan.她这房子年租金是2400元。
  • We can organise car rental from Chicago O'Hare Airport.我们可以安排提供从芝加哥奥黑尔机场出发的租车服务。
63 retail VWoxC     
v./n.零售;adv.以零售价格
参考例句:
  • In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
  • These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。
64 licensing 7352ce0b4e0665659ae6466c18decb2a     
v.批准,许可,颁发执照( license的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
  • That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句
65 marketing Boez7e     
n.行销,在市场的买卖,买东西
参考例句:
  • They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
  • He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。
66 animation UMdyv     
n.活泼,兴奋,卡通片/动画片的制作
参考例句:
  • They are full of animation as they talked about their childhood.当他们谈及童年的往事时都非常兴奋。
  • The animation of China made a great progress.中国的卡通片制作取得很大发展。
67 interactive KqZzFY     
adj.相互作用的,互相影响的,(电脑)交互的
参考例句:
  • The psychotherapy is carried out in small interactive groups.这种心理治疗是在互动的小组之间进行的。
  • This will make videogames more interactive than ever.这将使电子游戏的互动性更胜以往。
68 preeminent VPFxG     
adj.卓越的,杰出的
参考例句:
  • Washington was recognized as the preeminent spokesman of American Negroes by 1895. 到1895年,华盛顿被公认为美国黑人的卓越代言人。
  • He is preeminent because his articles are well written. 他的文章写得很漂亮,卓尔不群。
69 utilizing fbe1505f632dff25652a1730952a6464     
v.利用,使用( utilize的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Utilizing an assembler to produce a machine-language program. 用汇编程序产生机器语言的过程。 来自辞典例句
  • The study and use of devices utilizing properties of materials near absolute zero in temperature. 对材料在接近绝对零度时的特性进行研究和利用的学科。 来自辞典例句
70 diversified eumz2W     
adj.多样化的,多种经营的v.使多样化,多样化( diversify的过去式和过去分词 );进入新的商业领域
参考例句:
  • The college biology department has diversified by adding new courses in biotechnology. 该学院生物系通过增加生物技术方面的新课程而变得多样化。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Take grain as the key link, develop a diversified economy and ensure an all-round development. 以粮为纲,多种经营,全面发展。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
71 corporate 7olzl     
adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的
参考例句:
  • This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
  • His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
72 foretold 99663a6d5a4a4828ce8c220c8fe5dccc     
v.预言,预示( foretell的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • She foretold that the man would die soon. 她预言那人快要死了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Must lose one joy, by his life's star foretold. 这样注定:他,为了信守一个盟誓/就非得拿牺牲一个喜悦作代价。 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 文学
73 milestone c78zM     
n.里程碑;划时代的事件
参考例句:
  • The film proved to be a milestone in the history of cinema.事实证明这部影片是电影史上的一个里程碑。
  • I think this is a very important milestone in the relations between our two countries.我认为这是我们两国关系中一个十分重要的里程碑。
74 amassed 4047ea1217d3f59ca732ca258d907379     
v.积累,积聚( amass的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • He amassed a fortune from silver mining. 他靠开采银矿积累了一笔财富。
  • They have amassed a fortune in just a few years. 他们在几年的时间里就聚集了一笔财富。 来自《简明英汉词典》
75 legacy 59YzD     
n.遗产,遗赠;先人(或过去)留下的东西
参考例句:
  • They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
  • He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。
76 foresight Wi3xm     
n.先见之明,深谋远虑
参考例句:
  • The failure is the result of our lack of foresight.这次失败是由于我们缺乏远虑而造成的。
  • It required a statesman's foresight and sagacity to make the decision.作出这个决定需要政治家的远见卓识。
77 consecutive DpPz0     
adj.连续的,联贯的,始终一贯的
参考例句:
  • It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
  • The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。
78 consistency IY2yT     
n.一贯性,前后一致,稳定性;(液体的)浓度
参考例句:
  • Your behaviour lacks consistency.你的行为缺乏一贯性。
  • We appreciate the consistency and stability in China and in Chinese politics.我们赞赏中国及其政策的连续性和稳定性。
79 dedication pxMx9     
n.奉献,献身,致力,题献,献辞
参考例句:
  • We admire her courage,compassion and dedication.我们钦佩她的勇气、爱心和奉献精神。
  • Her dedication to her work was admirable.她对工作的奉献精神可钦可佩。
80 distinguished wu9z3v     
adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的
参考例句:
  • Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
  • A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。
81 metro XogzNA     
n.地铁;adj.大都市的;(METRO)麦德隆(财富500强公司之一总部所在地德国,主要经营零售)
参考例句:
  • Can you reach the park by metro?你可以乘地铁到达那个公园吗?
  • The metro flood gate system is a disaster prevention equipment.地铁防淹门系统是一种防灾设备。
82 merger vCJxG     
n.企业合并,并吞
参考例句:
  • Acceptance of the offer is the first step to a merger.对这项提议的赞同是合并的第一步。
  • Shareholders will be voting on the merger of the companies.股东们将投票表决公司合并问题。
83 captivity qrJzv     
n.囚禁;被俘;束缚
参考例句:
  • A zoo is a place where live animals are kept in captivity for the public to see.动物园是圈养动物以供公众观看的场所。
  • He was held in captivity for three years.他被囚禁叁年。
84 mascot E7xzm     
n.福神,吉祥的东西
参考例句:
  • The football team's mascot is a goat.足球队的吉祥物是山羊。
  • We had a panda as our mascot.我们把熊猫作为吉详物。
85 enlisted 2d04964099d0ec430db1d422c56be9e2     
adj.应募入伍的v.(使)入伍, (使)参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 );获得(帮助或支持)
参考例句:
  • enlisted men and women 男兵和女兵
  • He enlisted with the air force to fight against the enemy. 他应募加入空军对敌作战。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
86 hood ddwzJ     
n.头巾,兜帽,覆盖;v.罩上,以头巾覆盖
参考例句:
  • She is wearing a red cloak with a hood.她穿着一件红色带兜帽的披风。
  • The car hood was dented in.汽车的发动机罩已凹了进去。
87 gene WgKxx     
n.遗传因子,基因
参考例句:
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
88 feud UgMzr     
n.长期不和;世仇;v.长期争斗;世代结仇
参考例句:
  • How did he start his feud with his neighbor?他是怎样和邻居开始争吵起来的?
  • The two tribes were long at feud with each other.这两个部族长期不和。
89 flare LgQz9     
v.闪耀,闪烁;n.潮红;突发
参考例句:
  • The match gave a flare.火柴发出闪光。
  • You need not flare up merely because I mentioned your work.你大可不必因为我提到你的工作就动怒。
90 herd Pd8zb     
n.兽群,牧群;vt.使集中,把…赶在一起
参考例句:
  • She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
  • He had no opinions of his own but simply follow the herd.他从无主见,只是人云亦云。
91 wholesomeness 832f51223dfde70650ea37eaeff56278     
卫生性
参考例句:
92 ousting 5d01edf0967b28a708208968323531d5     
驱逐( oust的现在分词 ); 革职; 罢黜; 剥夺
参考例句:
  • The resulting financial chaos led to the ousting of Bristol-Myers' s boss. 随后引发的财政混乱导致了百时美施贵宝的总裁下台。
  • The ousting of the president has drawn widespread criticism across Latin America and the wider world. 洪都拉斯总统被驱逐时间引起拉丁美洲甚至全世界的广泛批评。
93 embittered b7cde2d2c1d30e5d74d84b950e34a8a0     
v.使怨恨,激怒( embitter的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • These injustices embittered her even more. 不公平使她更加受苦。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The artist was embittered by public neglect. 大众的忽视于那位艺术家更加难受。 来自《简明英汉词典》
94 chaos 7bZyz     
n.混乱,无秩序
参考例句:
  • After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后,城市一片混乱。
  • The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。
95 format giJxb     
n.设计,版式;[计算机]格式,DOS命令:格式化(磁盘),用于空盘或使用过的磁盘建立新空盘来存储数据;v.使格式化,设计,安排
参考例句:
  • Please format this floppy disc.请将这张软盘格式化。
  • The format of the figure is very tasteful.该图表的格式很雅致。
96 license B9TzU     
n.执照,许可证,特许;v.许可,特许
参考例句:
  • The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
  • The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。
97 mores HnyzlC     
n.风俗,习惯,民德,道德观念
参考例句:
  • The mores of that village are hard to believe.那村子的习俗让人难以置信。
  • We advocate a harmonious society where corruption is swept away,and social mores are cleared.我们提倡弊绝风清,建设一个和谐社会。
98 artistic IeWyG     
adj.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的;善于艺术创作的
参考例句:
  • The picture on this screen is a good artistic work.这屏风上的画是件很好的艺术品。
  • These artistic handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends.外国朋友很喜欢这些美术工艺品。
99 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
100 odious l0zy2     
adj.可憎的,讨厌的
参考例句:
  • The judge described the crime as odious.法官称这一罪行令人发指。
  • His character could best be described as odious.他的人格用可憎来形容最贴切。
101 premise JtYyy     
n.前提;v.提论,预述
参考例句:
  • Let me premise my argument with a bit of history.让我引述一些史实作为我立论的前提。
  • We can deduce a conclusion from the premise.我们可以从这个前提推出结论。
102 arbiters 002fb01970e06cc858b3b1184ec6c15a     
仲裁人,裁决者( arbiter的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • In the forensicfield, the final arbiters of quality are the courts. 在法医学领域,质量的最后仲裁者是法庭。
  • They are, increasingly, arbiters of which types of borrowers get credit. 它们正越来越多地充当决定哪几种借款人可获得信贷的裁决人角色。
103 pertinent 53ozF     
adj.恰当的;贴切的;中肯的;有关的;相干的
参考例句:
  • The expert made some pertinent comments on the scheme.那专家对规划提出了一些中肯的意见。
  • These should guide him to pertinent questions for further study.这些将有助于他进一步研究有关问题。
104 fulfill Qhbxg     
vt.履行,实现,完成;满足,使满意
参考例句:
  • If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了,你就要履行你的诺言。
  • This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。
105 conformity Hpuz9     
n.一致,遵从,顺从
参考例句:
  • Was his action in conformity with the law?他的行动是否合法?
  • The plan was made in conformity with his views.计划仍按他的意见制定。
106 judgment e3xxC     
n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见
参考例句:
  • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
  • He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。
107 discretion FZQzm     
n.谨慎;随意处理
参考例句:
  • You must show discretion in choosing your friend.你择友时必须慎重。
  • Please use your best discretion to handle the matter.请慎重处理此事。
108 guardian 8ekxv     
n.监护人;守卫者,保护者
参考例句:
  • The form must be signed by the child's parents or guardian. 这张表格须由孩子的家长或监护人签字。
  • The press is a guardian of the public weal. 报刊是公共福利的卫护者。
109 contemplates 53d303de2b68f50ff5360cd5a92df87d     
深思,细想,仔细考虑( contemplate的第三人称单数 ); 注视,凝视; 考虑接受(发生某事的可能性); 深思熟虑,沉思,苦思冥想
参考例句:
  • She contemplates leaving for the sake of the kids. 她考虑为了孩子而离开。
  • Beauty in things exists in the mind which contemplates them. 事物的美存在于细心观察它的人的头脑中。
110 advertising 1zjzi3     
n.广告业;广告活动 a.广告的;广告业务的
参考例句:
  • Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
  • The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。
111 administrator SJeyZ     
n.经营管理者,行政官员
参考例句:
  • The role of administrator absorbed much of Ben's energy.行政职务耗掉本很多精力。
  • He has proved himself capable as administrator.他表现出管理才能。
112 portraying e079474ea9239695e7dc3dd2bd0e7067     
v.画像( portray的现在分词 );描述;描绘;描画
参考例句:
  • The artist has succeeded in portraying my father to the life. 那位画家把我的父亲画得惟妙惟肖。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Ding Ling was good at portraying figures through careful and refined description of human psychology. 《莎菲女士的日记》是丁玲的成名作,曾引起强烈的社会反响。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说
113 justified 7pSzrk     
a.正当的,有理的
参考例句:
  • She felt fully justified in asking for her money back. 她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
  • The prisoner has certainly justified his claims by his actions. 那个囚犯确实已用自己的行动表明他的要求是正当的。
114 minors ff2adda56919f98e679a46d5a4ad4abb     
n.未成年人( minor的名词复数 );副修科目;小公司;[逻辑学]小前提v.[主美国英语]副修,选修,兼修( minor的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors. 法律禁止商店向未成年者出售含酒精的饮料。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He had three minors this semester. 这学期他有三门副修科目。 来自《简明英汉词典》
115 detailed xuNzms     
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
参考例句:
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
116 protracted 7bbc2aee17180561523728a246b7f16b     
adj.拖延的;延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • The war was protracted for four years. 战争拖延了四年。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • We won victory through protracted struggle. 经过长期的斗争,我们取得了胜利。 来自《简明英汉词典》
117 brutality MSbyb     
n.野蛮的行为,残忍,野蛮
参考例句:
  • The brutality of the crime has appalled the public. 罪行之残暴使公众大为震惊。
  • a general who was infamous for his brutality 因残忍而恶名昭彰的将军
118 undue Vf8z6V     
adj.过分的;不适当的;未到期的
参考例句:
  • Don't treat the matter with undue haste.不要过急地处理此事。
  • It would be wise not to give undue importance to his criticisms.最好不要过分看重他的批评。
119 illicit By8yN     
adj.非法的,禁止的,不正当的
参考例句:
  • He had an illicit association with Jane.他和简曾有过不正当关系。
  • Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year.今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。
120 decency Jxzxs     
n.体面,得体,合宜,正派,庄重
参考例句:
  • His sense of decency and fair play made him refuse the offer.他的正直感和公平竞争意识使他拒绝了这一提议。
  • Your behaviour is an affront to public decency.你的行为有伤风化。
121 portrayed a75f5b1487928c9f7f165b2773c13036     
v.画像( portray的过去式和过去分词 );描述;描绘;描画
参考例句:
  • Throughout the trial, he portrayed himself as the victim. 在审讯过程中,他始终把自己说成是受害者。
  • The author portrayed his father as a vicious drunkard. 作者把他父亲描绘成一个可恶的酒鬼。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
122 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法,待人态度
参考例句:
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
123 aberrations 3f9f813377f29357eb4a27baa9e0e5d3     
n.偏差( aberration的名词复数 );差错;脱离常规;心理失常
参考例句:
  • These events were aberrations from the norm. 这些事件不合常规。 来自辞典例句
  • These chromosome aberrations are all stable, compatible with cell viability. 这些染色体畸变都是稳定的,不影响细胞生活力的。 来自辞典例句
124 incite kx4yv     
v.引起,激动,煽动
参考例句:
  • I wanted to point out he was a very good speaker, and could incite a crowd.我想说明他曾是一个非常出色的演讲家,非常会调动群众的情绪。
  • Just a few words will incite him into action.他只需几句话一将,就会干。
125 bigotry Ethzl     
n.偏见,偏执,持偏见的行为[态度]等
参考例句:
  • She tried to dissociate herself from the bigotry in her past.她力图使自己摆脱她以前的偏见。
  • At least we can proceed in this matter without bigotry.目前这件事咱们至少可以毫无偏见地进行下去。
126 hatred T5Gyg     
n.憎恶,憎恨,仇恨
参考例句:
  • He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
  • The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。
127 parental FL2xv     
adj.父母的;父的;母的
参考例句:
  • He encourages parental involvement in the running of school.他鼓励学生家长参与学校的管理。
  • Children always revolt against parental disciplines.孩子们总是反抗父母的管束。

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