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CRI实用英语课堂 Unit 23 Studying Abroad 留学海外

时间:2007-11-06 07:29:35

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Part 1 Helpful Tips for Choosing a US School   如何选择学校 

    For most Chinese university students, the US is a favorite destination for further education. But apart from obstacles such as the GRE and TOFEL exams, choosing a good graduate school is no easy take. Admission is very competitive for international students, so it's important to apply to a number of institutions to have a reasonable chance of acceptance. Since the application to most universities requires a certain fee, Chinese students usually choose 7 to 15 universities according to their financial circumstances.

    To broaden one's chances, at least one third of the applications should be to less selective schools. Applicants2 shouldn't limit their choices to the most renowned3 institutions. Furthermore, one shouldn't rely too much on college rankings. The right school is the one that best meets your own personal needs and interests, rather than someone else's assessment4 of an institution's prestige.

    Usually choices are based on one's personal interests and academic background, but it's important to make sure that one's chosen subject it catered6 for. Those who want to transfer to a new field must pass certain exams on the subject first.  

    It is important to make sure that the department has at least some recognition, in the specific field. a well-known professor will be helpful to one's study as well as personal development.

    Sometimes it helps to limit the search to one region of the US, such as the east or the west coast, before looking for schools that match other requirements. The most important factors in choosing a location are climate and living costs.

    Costs are higher in large cities like New York and Boston. In contrast, they are much lower in the south and in cities like Pittsburgh and Seattle.

    The most popular states for international students are New York, California, Massachusetts, Ohio, Florida, Michigan, New Jersey7, and Texas.

    选择学校可以说是申请出国留学这万里长征的第一步,是否走对这第一步直接关系到整个申请过程是否顺利,选择学校的失误可能会使有着很强的Qualification的人申请几年仍旧滞留国内,相反条件并不优越的人却所向披靡。下面所提的建议也许会对你有所帮助: 
a.首先要正确估计自己的英语水平,根据自己的英语情况选择合适的学校。
b.了解所选学校的教学、科研水平及专业设置情况是否与自己所学专业和所从事的研究相近,从而避免因专业不对口所带来的诸多麻烦。
c.了解学校的入学要求、录取标准、竞争情况及申请的截止日期等,客观地估计自己是否符合该校的录取标准及条件,有无较强的竞争力等。美国的许多大学对外国学生入学都有具体的要求,要注意各校的不同要求。
d.了解学校的各种费用及经济资助情况,即你的经济情况是否能够支付你在该校的学习、生活费用。同时,还要注意申请经济资助的条件和要求,以衡量自己的实力。e.还要注意学校所在地的气候、风俗习惯等自己能否适应。

    要想到美国留学,第一步自然是要找到美国大学和研究院所的基本信息和有关资料,否则申请留学的一切事宜均无从谈起;第二步则是在众多的美国学校和研究院所中,选择自己比较喜欢并且条件也较合适的进行申请。所以,要到美国留学,首先要做的工作,一是“找”、二是“选”。比起以前,现代信息社会使找选美国大学和研究院所的工作容易得多、快速得多。

    不过,最现代、最快捷的途径,是到电脑网站去查找。美国的许多电脑网站都提供美国大学和研究院所的资料,查找起来非常快速方便,而且分类科学、资料详尽,很受人们欢迎。我们在网站上为大家列出了一些较为著名的美国院校资料网站,有这方面需要的朋友们可以到上面查询。

美国院校资料网站:

(1) Yahoo.com(http://www.yahoo.com/edu)网站有大量美国大学和研究院所的资料。到该网站上查询,几乎美国所有的高等院校和研究院所都可查到。不过,在该网站搜索引擎进行查找,必须逐级搜索,比较繁琐,以下电脑网站更专业化,查找效率更高,不妨一试。

(2) U.S.NewsOnline(http://www.usnews.com/edu)网站提供有非常详尽的美国大学资料,包括全美大学的最新排名,各个大学的链接网址,从中可以查到各学校的专业介绍、入学日期、奖助学金提供情况,以及与校方取得联系的方法等。同时,该网站还提供美国大学生学习与生活的介绍。申请者可以根据学校名称、专业或希望就读的州展开搜索。

(3)Gradschools.com(http://www.gradschools.com)网站是专门用来查找美国大学研究生院的。它按具体的研究专业、学科类别和专业目录三种分类方式进行搜索。对想去美国读研究生的申请者来说,该站点可以帮助找到希望的留学院校。

(4)Collegeboard.com(http://www.collegeboard.com)网站资料丰富,无论想去读哪类大学,该网站都能给於满意的结果。查找者可根据希望攻读的学位、专业、学校所在地,选择所要就读的学校,并可以在网上索取与填写申请资料表格。

(5)Study in theUSA(http://www.studyusa.com)网站是专为留学生提供服务的站点,可以按字母的种类或地理位置两种分类方法对学校进行搜索。同时,该网站还有美国大学的专题报道,介绍各大学的情况,对选择学校很有帮助。

(6)American Education Magazine(http://www.iesed.com)网站的内容相当丰富,主要提供留学辅助性知识,如怎样选择大学、奖学金申请办法、住宿情况、医疗保险等,非常有助於事先了解美国大学的学习与生活状况。

(7)Student.com(http://www.student.com)网站主要介绍美国大学生的学习与生活,发布美国大学校园的最新消息、美国政府的教育政策,以及美国教育人士的观点等。

(8)Peterson's Guide(http://www.petersons.com)教育服务公司网站,主要内容包括美国大学的清单、校园新闻、专题讨论、条件查询等。

(9)Colleges and Universities(http://www.mit.edu)网站提供全球八十多个国家的三千多所大学信息。该网站按地理分类,详列各国大学名单,并以链接到各校主页的方式,提供查找各大学的信息服务。在实际操作中,只要选择国家,如美国,便可查询到全美大学的网址。

Part 2 Visa 留学签证 

    Almost every Chinese applicant1 ahs experienced “standing kungfu”, that is to say, having to stand in the visa hall for two hours while waiting to be interviewed. Although there are some chairs and a water cooler, most applicants have to stand in line with a certain color card in front of a certain window. Why not provide chairs for all, or at least benches? When queried8, an American embassy official pointed9 out that at that very moment some 200 applicants were waiting to be interviewed. If people were seated, they would move slowly. Besides, there is not enough room for a lot of furniture. “Nonetheless, you will notice that people here are well behaved. It’s not as crowded as a typical train station. Of course, we have two staff members to keep order,” he said. Even the rudest people pull in their horns under the strain of uncertainty10. Those who get visas seem instantly to forget their exhaustion11, whereas those who are rejected succumb12 to it completely.

    The visa officers are frequently criticized for not explaining why applications are rejected. To this the American embassy official replies: “We actually do tell applicants why they don’t qualify for a visa. In order to help them we also have written explanations. Sometimes they want to know more, particularly about what they can do, what documents they can show to qualify for a visa. But it’s not our policy to make suggestions. Our rule is that the applicants themselves must persuade us that they have a situation here in China which would lead them to return.”

    Some Americans feel that their Chinese friends have been refused without good reason and want to come to the embassy to complain. Is this useful? “Since most American citizens are not familiar with US visa laws, their coming here is useful in the sense that we can take the opportunity to explain the law” said the embassy official.

    说起办理赴美签证,不少人都会摇头说难,赴美签证难办已经成为人们的共识。有人开玩笑说现在拿到赴美签证比登月还难。那么到底办理赴美签证难在哪儿?如何才能顺利获得签证? 首先,接受面谈很重要。中国是赴美留学的第三大国。中国人去美国留学必须办理赴美非移民签证,签证程序中的面谈是所有申请人最为关注的一个环节,面谈不通过就无法前往美国。几乎每个申请赴美签证的中国人都体验过“站功”,就是在签证大厅里站上两个小时面谈。

    有些人认为美国的签证面谈很严,要从签证官手上拿到签证不是一件容易的事。有的人觉得很容易,而且现在通过签证面谈之后,立刻就能够拿到签证了。 不少人认为,拿到美国大学签发的I-20入学证就表示可以进入美国大学了。但美国大学并不能决定你是否符合到美国的条件。I-20入学证只是表示美国大学邀请你去念书。并非所有来申请的人都能获得签证,大概有将近70%的人都能得到学生签证。  

    美国的研究显示,到美的中国留学生有85%到90%的人最后留在美国找工作。如果在面试时,他们被发现、认为有这个意图,就一定会被拒签。根据美国移民和国籍法规定,留学签证申请人必须证明他在美国完成学业后会离开美国。如果签证官相信他们留美的目的是念完书就回中国的话,那就会批准签证。   

    申请签证时千万不要编造文件和理由。否则可能会让你永远丧失拿到签证的资格。如果你的真正目的就是去迪斯尼乐园玩一趟或探望亲戚,那就不要编造什么商业理由去美国。按照规定,每位外国人在申请入境时,必须能使领事官员确信申请人有非移民的资格,否则将视为移民。

   
下面我们给大家总结了一些签证常见术语:
surname 姓,也就是last name;
first (given) name 名;
sex 性别;
birth date 出生日期;
nationality 国籍;
expiry date ( 或 before) 失效日期(或必须在...日之前入境);
for stays of 停留期为......
passport No. 护照号;
control No. 编号;
Issue At 签发地;
Issue Date (或On) 签发日期;
visa type(class) 签证种类。

    拿到签证以后可别光顾着高兴,别忘了一定要核对上面所说的签证内容,发现问题及时解决。

 Part 3 Guide to Studying Abroad 留学指南 

Dialogue Script 1  对话原文 1

Brown: Hello, there. You must be Li Ming. Please come in.
Li: Hi, Mrs. Brown, nice to meet you.
Brown: All right now... Let's see. Now, you're interested in attending university in the USA, is that right?
Li: Yes, and I have a lot of questions to ask you.
Brown: Okay, but before I begin to answer your questions, I need to ask you a few questions first. Hmm...now, your major is...
Li: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering.
Brown: OK, I see. And, where did you graduate?
Li: I graduated from Xi'an Jiao Tong University in July 2000. I completed my bachelor's degree. And I got my certificate of CET-4.
Brown: Alright. Now, I'm assuming you want to continue studying in your major. Am I right?
Li: Actually. I'd prefer to do an MBA if possible. But if I have no other choice, I'll go on with my major.
Brown: Okay. Now, are you familiar with the requirements for an MBA degree?
Li: Yes, I'll have to do well on the GMAT, and I'll definitely need to take TOEFL or IELTS, right?
Brown: You're right. You'll need at least 600 on the TOFEL or 6.5 on IELTS. In addition, you need to have completed a bachelor's degree, too. Have you taken the GMAT yet?
Li: Not yet, but I plan to do it in August.
Brown: The requirements for a Master's degree in Engineering are a little different. You'll need to take GRE and of course the TOFEL or IELTS.
Li: I see. When do I start to apply?
Brown: The best time to start the application process is in November or December of the year prior to your intended year of study. Application forms are available in September and October.
Li: Which schools in Canada offer the MBA degree?
Brown: About twenty. Here's a small booklet summarizing Canadian university programs. You'll find the information you need on page 22.
Li: Great! Thanks a lot. By the way, how about the tuition and scholarships?
Brown: Tuition for MBA programs has been steadily13 increasing. Some of the universities now charge the full tuition, which means there is no government subsidy14. Those universities cost about $10,000 per year-and it's a two-year program. Other universities are still government subsidized, so the tuition is $4,500 per year. In terms of scholarships, usually the top 5 students entering the MBA program are given a generous scholarship. All other students have to pay the full fees. International students have to pay the full tuition-that's $10,000 per year.
Li: Oh. Is it very difficult to get into an MBA program?
Brown: Yes, actually the competition is very tough. MBA students have a pretty easy time finding a good job. So , many students are eager to do the program thinking it will guarantee them success in their careers.
Li: Well, it sure does sound like an excellent way to start a promising15 future. Um..What is the school year like?
Brown: Classes begin in September each year and finish before Christmas. They resume after New Year and finish at the end of April.
Li: And after April?
Brown: Why, that's your summer holiday.
Li: Sounds great! Thank you very much. I really appreciate for your help.
Brown: You'e welcome. And, if you have any other questions, please feel free to contact me. You know my number, right?
Li: I sure do. Thanks a lot.
Brown: You'e welcome, bye.

讲解:

1.对话中,李明在跟Mrs. Brown咨询到美国留学会面临的各种问题。attend university, 上大学,我们也学过go to college这个说法,也是可以的。college一般指专科学院或综合性大学中的一个学院,在美语中college也用来指大学,而univer sity一般是指综合性的大学。

2.下面再来说说attend这个词,这里表示“参加;出席,到场”,例如:attend chool 上学;attend a lecture 听讲课;attend church 去教堂attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼;attend a meeting出席会议,等等。还可以表示“关注,注意”,常和介词to联用。例如:We'll attend to that problem later. 稍后我们将关注那个问题。

3. 李明 2000年毕业于西安交通大学的机械工程系,获得了学士学位,并且通过了国家英语四级考试,看来他还是有一定英语基础的。CET就是我们平常所说的大学英语等级考试,是College English Test的开头大学字母缩写。CET是针对非英语专业考生的一种考试,而针对英语专业考生的考试是TEM,也就是Test for English Majors的开头大写字母的缩写。

4. 李明想到美国读MBA课程,他说I'd prefer to do an MBA if possible. do an MBA,是指“读MBA课程,碰巧的是,这里的动词do跟汉语的动词“读”发音一样,这样大家就好记了。if possible,如果可能的话,是一个固定短语,大家可以拿过来直接用。

5. go on with something,继续做某事,如果读不了MBA,那就继续读本专业的研究生。Mrs. Brown问李明对MBA课程的要求熟不熟悉呢?be familiar with something,熟悉某事,那么我们在familiar前面加一个前缀,就变成be unfamiliar16 with something,不熟悉某事,例如:I'm unfamiliar with the roads here. 这的路我不熟。

6. 李明对就读MBA课程的要求很熟悉,首先要靠好GMAT,并且一定要通过托福或雅思考试。GMAT是Graduate Management Admissions Test的开头大写字母缩写,就是研究生管理学入学考试,美国、英国、澳大利亚等国家的高校都采用GMAT考试的成绩来评估申请入学者是否适合于在商业、经济和管理等专业的研究生阶段学习。托福考试大家都很熟悉了,是Test of English as a Foreign Language,是为赴美国、加拿大等国学习的非英语国家学生提供的英语能力考试。

7. GRE是Graduate Record Examination的开头大写字母缩写,就是美国研究生入学考试,它适用于除了法律与商业以外的各种学科与专业的研究生考试。IELTS,全称International English Language Testing System,国际英语水平测试系统,是为到英语主导教学语言国家的高等教育机构就读而设的语言测试制度,也用于测试赴英语母语国家(主要指英联邦国家)定居人士的英语水平。

8. 不仅仅要通过托福或雅思的考试,还要达到一定的分数线,You'll need at least 600 on the TOFEL or 6.5 on IELTS. 就是你的托福考试成绩至少要考到600分以上,雅思最低要考到6.5分。某种考试得了多少分,这里用的是介词on。complete a certain degree,获得了某种学位。

9. 李明打算8月份去考GMAT,这里用的也是动词do,表示“参加某种考试”,看来这个do真是万能动词阿。大家在平常的学习中一定要注意积累。参加考试也可以用动词take。

10.那么什么时候开始申请学校呢?Mrs. Brown的建议是The best time to start the application process is in November or December of the year prior to your intended year of study. 开始申请程序的最好时间是你计划出去学习前一年的11月或者12月。prior to是一个介词词组,表示在...之前。

11.李明又问道加拿大有哪些大学提供MBA课程呢?Mrs. Brown给了他一本小册子,囊括了加拿大大学的课程设置。还有就是关于学费和奖学金的问题,这可能是出国留学的人最关心的问题之一了。

12.读MBA的学费呢一直在涨价。甚至有些大学现在收全额学费,也就是说没有任何政府补助。这样的大学每年收费大约1万美元,而这些大学的学制是两年。Those universities cost about $10,000 per year-and it's a two-year program.

13.至于其他的大学呢仍由政府来资助,所以他们的学费就要少很多,大约每年是4500美元左右。subsidize,指“资助,给予津贴”,名词是subsidy. scholarship是奖学金,那这些大学都对奖学金有什么规定呢?通常是申请读MBA课程的学生中的前5名获得一大笔奖学金,其他的学生得付全额学费,国际学生也得支付全额学费,大概每年要1万美金。in terms of 这个习惯用语表示“在…方面,就…而言”。

14.那申请就读MBA课程很困难吗?Is it very difficult to get into an MBA program? get into a program,就读某个课程,参与某个计划。实际上申请就读MBA课程的竞争很激烈,因为拿到MBA学位的学生找工作非常容易,所以很多学生都渴望能得到这种学习的机会,他们认为这种学习会保证自己将来在事业上的成功。guarantee 这个词是“保证, 担保”的意思。例如:The rain guarantees a good crop this year. 这场雨保证了今年有好收成。I can't guarantee you anything for now.现在我还不能跟你承诺任何事情。

15.那么学年是怎么划分的呢?上课时间是每年从9月份开始,圣诞节前结束。新年之后继续上课,四月底结束课程。resume,做名词是“简历”的意思,作动词,表示“再继续, 重新开始, 恢复”,例如:We resumed our work after a rest. 休息之后我们重新开始工作。一般美国的大学在四月底结束课程后,会开始一个summer term,也就是夏季学期,学生们也可以在这个期间选课进行学习。

Dialogue Script 2  对话原文 2

Li: In applying to a US graduate school, what is the simplest rule?
Zhang: The earlier, the better.
Li: Is the process very complicated?
Zhang: Yes, the process is arduous17, so make up your mind firmly before you begin preparation.
Li: What should be done first?
Zhang: Read a number of related information about international study. And discuss with your family, teacher, and friends.
Li: This work should be done before or after the GRE and TOFEL exams?
Zhang: Before the exams.
Li: How long should a student need to prepare for the two exams?
Zhang: He/She should need at least six months to prepare for the two tests, but that also depends on his/her level of English.
Li: OK, what's the next step?
Zhang: Write to the chosen schools to ask for admission and scholarship application forms.
Li: What are the necessary application materials?
Zhang: They usually include personal statement, recommendation letter, official transcripts19, CV/resume, study plan, scholarships and copies of your TOFEL and GRE scores.
Li: If one has received admission letter, what should he/she do then?
Zhang: Write to the schools to say thanks and keep contacting them for offers. Admission letter only mean they have decided20 to enroll21 you, not necessarily that they will give you a scholarship or TA/RA.
Li: Before setting off for the states, what final preparations should be made?
Zhang: Arrange your schedule. Apply for a passport and student visa. Buy any necessary items for your life in the US. Deal with the financial problems, that is to say, to change money. Book the air ticket.

讲解:

1. 申请赴美读研究生,最简便的规则是什么呢?那就是“越早越好”。The earlier, the better. apply 是“申请”的意思,例如:I want to apply for the job. 我想申请这项工作。这里apply for something是指“为...而申请”,而apply to someone/something for something就是指“向某人或某个机构申请某物”,例如:You should apply to the consul22 for a visa你应该向领事申请签证。

2. 申请过程是非常复杂的,这里用了两个形容词来形容,一个是complicated,另一个是arduous,arduous既可以指“费劲的,费力的”,也可以“辛勤的”,例如:Preparing a Dictionary of the English Language is an arduous work. 编写一本英语语言词典是一项艰巨的工作。所以在开始准备申请学校以前,一定要下定决心,就是make up your mind firmly.

3. 是的,申请学校要做多方面的准备,在考托福和GRE之前,要多读一些关于留学的资料,并且和家人、老师和朋友仔细商量。至少要提前半年准备托福和GRE考试,当然,根据考生英语水平的不同,准备的时间也不一样。He/She should need at least six months to prepare for the two tests.也可以说It takes at least six months to prepare for the two tests.

4. 下一步就要给你选择的学校写信,索要入学和奖学金申请表格。那必要的申请材料都包括哪些呢?申请材料中要包括个人陈述,personal statement,推荐信,recommendation letter, 官方学生成绩单,official transcripts, 个人简历,CV/resume,学习计划,study plan, 经济能力证明,奖学金的申请材料,GRE和托福成绩的影印件。scholarships and copies of your TOFEL and GRE scores. 这些材料都需要花费时间来准备,越详细越好。还要注意的是要尽早吧这些材料寄给你所申请的学校,因为美国的研究生院事按照接受材料的先后来审阅材料的。

5. 那么收到入学通知书后该做些什么呢?要给对方学校写信,表示感谢,保持联系,并且继续申请奖学金。入学通知书只是说明他们已经决定录取你,但不见得他们会给你提供奖学金或助教职位,所以后续工作也要做好。TA就是指Teaching Assistant助教,RA是指Research Assistant研究助教。助教的职位在美国校园里算是薪水比较高并且比较轻松的工作了。

6. 一切都搞定之后,出发之前还要做那些最后的准备呢?那就是安排日程。申请护照和学生签证。购买在美国生活的必备物品,解决经济问题,比如说兑换外币。还有就是预定机票。

Dialogue Script  3  对话原文 3

Zhang: I was told that US graduate schools require a personal statement as a part of application process. Is it true?
Li: Yes, it is a must.
Zhang: So we have to prepare a well-written personal statement.
Li: In general, admission officers are looking fro two important things in one's personal statement.
Zhang: What exactly are they?
Li: First, evidence of your achievements that are not reflected in other parts of your application. Second, how and why the events you describe have shaped your attitude, focus, and most of all, your intellectual capacity.
Zhang: So the statement should center on ...
Li: The statement should focus on one's personal background, the reasons why you are applying to a particular graduate program, and your career and personal objectives.
Zhang: Thank you for your information.
Li: It is my pleasure.

讲解:

1. 申请到美国去读研究生课程都要求必须有个人陈述。it is a must. 这里的must做了名词,表示“必须,一定”。例如:Comfortable shoes are a must when taking a walking tour of Wales. 去威尔士旅行徒步旅行时舒服的鞋是绝对必要的物品。

2. 所以一定要准备一分写的很好的个人陈述。一般来说,招生负责人在你的个人陈述中要看两点重要的东西,一是在你的申请中的其他材料中没有反映出来的成绩和优点的证明。另一点就是你所描述的事件是如何塑造了你的态度和目的,尤其重要的是你的智力。most of all是一个习惯用语,表示“最重要的是”。

3. center on 跟focus on差不多,都表示“以...为重点,以...为中心”。个人陈述的重点应该放在个人的背景描述,申请某一特殊研究生课程的原因,你本人的职业以及你个人的学习目的等等。好,我们再来听一遍刚才的对话。

Dialogue Script  4  对话原文  4

Li: Nowadays English-speaking countries are no longer the only destinations for Chinese who want to study abroad.
Zhang: You're right. An increasing number of Chinese students have applied23 to non-English countries like Germany, for example.
Li: Why is Germany becoming popular among Chinese students?
Zhang: Because German education has a good reputation. The free tuition in public universities is of course another reason for this attraction.
Li: Then international students pay nothing for education.
Zhang: No, they have to cover such expenses as accommodation, insurance and books.
Li: Do international students need language level certificate?
Zhang: Yes, they need a language level certificate for a student visa. In addition, it is a must for foreign students to take German Language Entrance Exam for Foreign Students.

讲解:

1. 现在,说英语国家不再是想出国留学的中国人的唯一目的地了,越来越多的中国学生已经向非英语国家申请留学,比如说德国。abroad表示“去国外,向国外”,可以直接跟动词联用,例如:go abroad,出国,I've never been abroad before, so I'm really excited about the trip.我以前从来没有出过国,所以想起这次旅行就十分兴奋。

2. 那中国学生为什么会喜欢上德国呢?因为德国的教育有良好的声望,而且公立大学免收学费也是它吸引人的另一个原因。reputation表示“名声; 声誉”,例如:He is a man of good reputation.他是一个有声望的人。那么He is a man of no reputation.就表示“他是一个默默无闻的人”,也就是“没有声望的人”。

3. 那么在德国留学生什么费用也不用交吗?那是不可能的。天下哪有白吃的午餐?尽管学费是免费的,但是他们还还要支付住宿、保险、书本等费用,算起来也不是一笔小数目。

4. 那么留学生需要语言水平证书吗?这是必须的,申请学生签证时要用到。此外,外国留学生必须参加德语作为外语的入学考试。大部分学生到德国之后都要参加语言学校,当然这部分学费是要交的。所以去德国留学之前,也要好好计划一下。

Key Words::关键词汇
embassy 大使馆
exhaustion 筋疲力尽
succumb 被压垮,被打垮
destination. 目的地
tuition 学费
insurance 保险
certificate 证书
statement 陈述
intellectual 智力
objective 目的,动机
guide 指南
process 过程
arduous 费力的
admission 接收,录取
recommendation 推荐
transcript18 成绩单
resume 简历
tip 指点
competitive 竞争的,有竞争力的
institution 机构,学院
acceptance 接受
financial 财政的,经济上的
circumstance 情况,状况
broaden 拓宽,扩大
renowned 知名的,著名的
ranking 排名
assessment 评估
prestige 声望
cater5 适合
subsidy 补助,津贴

Part 4 Key Sentences 实用句子 

1. Many students go abroad to study on a work-study program.
许多学生在国外一边打工一边学习。

2. They can earn some money by doing some part-time jobs.
他们可以通过做些兼职挣些钱。

3. Is it difficult to find a part-time job in America?
在美国找兼职难吗?

4. How to apply for a visa?
怎样申请签证?

5. What is the cost of living in that country?
在那个国家的生活费用是多少?

6. How to get a grant from the government?
怎样得到政府的资助呢?

7. This is a way out for high school graduates.
这是高中毕业生的一条出路。

8. How to extend a visa if it expires?
签证到期后怎样延长签证?

9. How to select the courses abroad?
在国外如何选课呢?

10. What is the prospect24 of getting a job abroad?
在国外找工作的前景如何?

11. What about the tuition and fees of studying in America?
在美国学习的学杂费是多少?

12. Can a foreign student work without a work permit?
外国学生没有工作许可证可以工作吗?

13. Does the tuition and fees rise every year?
每年的学费都要涨价吗?

14. How long does it take to get a master's degree?
获得硕士学位要花多长时间?

15. How many credits are needed for one course?
每门课多少学分?

16. You have to maintain a "B" average in order to get your master's degree.
你必须平均每门课在B以上才能获得硕士学位。

17. What about the admission qualification for a master's degree?
读研究生入学需要哪些条件?

18. How many courses do I have to take for M.A.?
读研究生有多少门课程?

19. For a master's degree, there are ten courses and a dissertation25.
获得硕士学位需要学习10门课程,另外写一篇硕士论文。

20. Have you ever studied abroad?
你以前留过学吗?

21. I got an M.A. in economics at the University of Southern California in the United States. 
我在美国的南加州大学获得了经济学硕士学位。

22. It was difficult to keep up with all the reading and essay assignments.
跟上全部的阅读和论文作业很难。

23. I picked up a lot from case-studies of business administration.
我从企业管理的个案研究中得到了许多实用的知识。

24. I think part of my problem is the fact that these books are in a language foreign to me.
我觉得我的问题有一部分由于这些书都是外文的。

25. Studying in a foreign language is always hard at the beginning, but I'll get over it.
刚开始学习外语总是很困难的,但是我会克服的。

26. I'm not used to having so many seminars, and there seems to be so much reading.
我不习惯上这么多的讨论课,而且要读很多东西。

27. I can usually follow what the others say, but there are times when I'm not sure.
别人说的,通常我都懂,但有时我还不太肯定。

28. It won't take me long to settle down.
用不了多久我就会适应的。

29. Some people get too Americanized and don't seem to fit into Chinese companies.
有些人变得太美国化,和中国朋友在一起显得格格不入。

30. I'm still feeling pretty homesick.
我还是非常想家。

附:

赴美学生签证指南

    以下说明仅供中华人民共和国境内的申请人申请签证时使用。

    美国政府每年为中国学生签发数千份留学签证。目前,有超过5万中国留学生在美国学习,中国同日本一样为外国学生赴美留学提供了主要生源。但是与以前的申请人不一样,现在的留学签证申请人没有保证他们学业结束后一定回国的不可分离的关系,也不能证明他们回国后有较好的事业发展前景。

重要的标准

为获得赴美留学签证,申请人必须证明:
他们唯驻华一的目的(不仅是首要的目的)是学习;
他们有能力并计划在美国做全日制学生;
在不从事未经许可的工作的前提下,他们有足够的资金来支付学费、生活费以及应付突发事件的全部费用; 他们有不可分离的社会、经济和其它因素使其在完成计划的学业后离开美国。

学习能力和计划

申请人必须证明他们已无条件地被有资格招收留学生的院校录取。学校必须提供填写完整的I-20表和录取通知。除此之外,申请人还应该证明他们有能力顺利地完成学业,并出具一些能证明自己学习能力和教育背景的资料,如:毕业证书、成绩单(包括所学的科目及成绩)、TOEFL成绩单以及学校所要求的其它成绩,如GRE、GMAT等。

充足的资金

申请人必须证明他们有足够的资金支付学费、健康保险和生活费。在I-20表上,校方必须注明学费、生活费及应付突发事件所需费用的相关信息和这些费用的来源-减免学费、学校提供工作、做助教、享有奖学金或申请人自己出资担保。

如果申请人已获得奖学金,则需证明提供奖学金的机构愿意并有能力支付这笔费用。如果申请人打算用本人的存款负担这些费用,这需证明这笔存款够其整个学习过程使用,而且这笔资金必须能够合法携带出中国国境。

归国原因

申请人必须证明他们在美完成学业后有归国计划。通常这点对中国学生来说是最难证明的。

使馆有资料显示在最近几年中在美国完成学业后没有返回中国的学生比率比较大。我们也意识到中国正在变化,有些学生一定会回到中国。签证官在面谈时,会根据每个申请的是非曲直做出决定。在短暂的面谈时间里,签证官的判定主要取决于申请人是否能证明他们今后在中国有令人信服的社会及事业前途。

一般来说,申请人必须表明毕业后归国的原因是合情合理的,是有利于个人发展的。原因很多。比如:他们可以表明中国需要他们这一领域的专业人才,他们来自一流学校、归国后能竞争到一份很好的工作。学生也可以证明他们在中国有不可分割的关系,并且父母将为他们安排令人羡慕的工作。有些学生想攻读某一专业的高一级学位而中国没有这一专业(如:MBA),他们就必须证明在攻读该学位上所投入的时间和财力能在归国后所从事的工作中得到丰厚的回报。

面谈

申请人必须亲自到自己居住、学习、工作的地方所属的领事馆来申请签证。相关人士(如,校方代表、亲属、朋友等)可提供书面材料,让申请人面承签证官,但不能陪同申请人来面谈。

领事馆

传真

北京 86-10-6532-3178 (除成都、广州、上海和沈阳领事区域外其它省市)

成都 86-28-558-3520 (四川、云南、贵州、西藏、重庆)

广州 86-20-8186-2341 (广东、福建、广西、海南)

上海 86-21-6433-4122  (安徽、江苏、浙江、上海)

沈阳 86-24-2322-2374  (辽宁、吉林、黑龙江)

申请人需携带下列材料:

中信实业银行的405元不可退还的申请费收据。

两张填好的OF-156申请表,中英文各一份。从中信实业银行免费取得该表格,也可以从http://travel.state.gov和http://www.usembassy-china.org.cn 免费下载。随表请附姓名的标准电码及两张护照照片(3cmx5cm)护照有效期距计划离美时间至少长达六个月。

文件表明美国有权招收外国留学生的学术机构,或其他被承认的学习场所已无条件录取申请人,且申请人即将入学。申请人应出示一份完整的在有效期内的I-20表格(资格证明)

足够的准备性学术能力及语言能力,可使申请人在接受的学术机构或学习场所修完全部课程。如果其英文水平不足以修完全部课程,必须出示接收机构的专门英语培训安排的文件。

证明有足够资金或其他安排来源支付费用。拥有足够资金意识是申请人在美期间不会领取政府援助补贴,也不会接受非法雇佣。证明在暂时并且合法的居留后,有社会的、经济的和其他联系可迫使申请人离开美国。

认真准备面谈对申请人非常重要。面谈时间很短,而且通常用英文。大使馆希望申请人不要使用签证面谈准备一类的书及预先炮制的演讲。签证官都已面谈过数以千计的学生,其中很多都用过同样的手册或演说词。而使用这些东西并不会增加申请成功的机会。同样地,任何英文材料准备过程中的帮助都应明确表示出来。

拒签后签证再申请

申请人被拒签后可再次申请签证,但是必须针对上次拒签原因提供新材料。这些新材料必须表明与上一次申请时情况有很大改变,否则将会被再次拒签。拒签后再次申请一般安排在每周四。申请人在预约时务必说明曾被拒签过。

 


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 applicant 1MlyX     
n.申请人,求职者,请求者
参考例句:
  • He was the hundredth applicant for the job. 他是第100个申请这项工作的人。
  • In my estimation, the applicant is well qualified for this job. 据我看, 这位应征者完全具备这项工作的条件。
2 applicants aaea8e805a118b90e86f7044ecfb6d59     
申请人,求职人( applicant的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。
  • He was impressed by the high calibre of applicants for the job. 求职人员出色的能力给他留下了深刻印象。
3 renowned okSzVe     
adj.著名的,有名望的,声誉鹊起的
参考例句:
  • He is one of the world's renowned writers.他是世界上知名的作家之一。
  • She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.她以提倡人权而闻名。
4 assessment vO7yu     
n.评价;评估;对财产的估价,被估定的金额
参考例句:
  • This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
  • What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何?
5 cater ickyJ     
vi.(for/to)满足,迎合;(for)提供饮食及服务
参考例句:
  • I expect he will be able to cater for your particular needs.我预计他能满足你的特殊需要。
  • Most schools cater for children of different abilities.大多数学校能够满足具有不同天资的儿童的需要。
6 catered 89d616ab59cbf00e406e8778a3dcc0fc     
提供饮食及服务( cater的过去式和过去分词 ); 满足需要,适合
参考例句:
  • We catered for forty but only twenty came. 我们准备了40客饭菜,但只来了20个人。
  • They catered for everyone regardless of social rank. 他们为所有人服务而不计较其社会地位。
7 jersey Lp5zzo     
n.运动衫
参考例句:
  • He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
  • They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致,都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。
8 queried 5c2c5662d89da782d75e74125d6f6932     
v.质疑,对…表示疑问( query的过去式和过去分词 );询问
参考例句:
  • She queried what he said. 她对他说的话表示怀疑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • \"What does he have to do?\" queried Chin dubiously. “他有什么心事?”琴向觉民问道,她的脸上现出疑惑不解的神情。 来自汉英文学 - 家(1-26) - 家(1-26)
9 pointed Il8zB4     
adj.尖的,直截了当的
参考例句:
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
10 uncertainty NlFwK     
n.易变,靠不住,不确知,不确定的事物
参考例句:
  • Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
  • After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后,压力开始产生影响了。
11 exhaustion OPezL     
n.耗尽枯竭,疲惫,筋疲力尽,竭尽,详尽无遗的论述
参考例句:
  • She slept the sleep of exhaustion.她因疲劳而酣睡。
  • His exhaustion was obvious when he fell asleep standing.他站着睡着了,显然是太累了。
12 succumb CHLzp     
v.屈服,屈从;死
参考例句:
  • They will never succumb to the enemies.他们决不向敌人屈服。
  • Will business leaders succumb to these ideas?商业领袖们会被这些观点折服吗?
13 steadily Qukw6     
adv.稳定地;不变地;持续地
参考例句:
  • The scope of man's use of natural resources will steadily grow.人类利用自然资源的广度将日益扩大。
  • Our educational reform was steadily led onto the correct path.我们的教学改革慢慢上轨道了。
14 subsidy 2U5zo     
n.补助金,津贴
参考例句:
  • The university will receive a subsidy for research in artificial intelligence.那个大学将得到一笔人工智能研究的补助费。
  • The living subsidy for senior expert's family is included in the remuneration.报酬已包含高级专家家人的生活补贴。
15 promising BkQzsk     
adj.有希望的,有前途的
参考例句:
  • The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
  • We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。
16 unfamiliar uk6w4     
adj.陌生的,不熟悉的
参考例句:
  • I am unfamiliar with the place and the people here.我在这儿人地生疏。
  • The man seemed unfamiliar to me.这人很面生。
17 arduous 5vxzd     
adj.艰苦的,费力的,陡峭的
参考例句:
  • We must have patience in doing arduous work.我们做艰苦的工作要有耐性。
  • The task was more arduous than he had calculated.这项任务比他所估计的要艰巨得多。
18 transcript JgpzUp     
n.抄本,誊本,副本,肄业证书
参考例句:
  • A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
  • They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。
19 transcripts 525c0b10bb61e5ddfdd47d7faa92db26     
n.抄本( transcript的名词复数 );转写本;文字本;副本
参考例句:
  • Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA. tRNA及rRNA同mRNA一样,都是染色体DNA的转录产物。 来自辞典例句
  • You can't take the transfer students'exam without your transcripts. 没有成绩证明书,你就不能参加转学考试。 来自辞典例句
20 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
21 enroll Pogxx     
v.招收;登记;入学;参军;成为会员(英)enrol
参考例句:
  • I should like to enroll all my children in the swimming class.我愿意让我的孩子们都参加游泳班。
  • They enroll him as a member of the club.他们吸收他为俱乐部会员。
22 consul sOAzC     
n.领事;执政官
参考例句:
  • A consul's duty is to help his own nationals.领事的职责是帮助自己的同胞。
  • He'll hold the post of consul general for the United States at Shanghai.他将就任美国驻上海总领事(的职务)。
23 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
24 prospect P01zn     
n.前景,前途;景色,视野
参考例句:
  • This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
  • The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。
25 dissertation PlezS     
n.(博士学位)论文,学术演讲,专题论文
参考例句:
  • He is currently writing a dissertation on the Somali civil war.他目前正在写一篇关于索马里内战的论文。
  • He was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation.他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文。

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