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科学美国人60秒 SSS 企鹅粪便有助于南极洲生物多样性的繁荣

时间：2019-09-30 01:39:54

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（单词翻译）

Penguin1 Poop Helps Biodiversity Bloom in Antarctica

Antarctica is known for its geat expanses of white. And not just snow. "If it's fresh it might be white or pinkish. And eventually it all turns brown, muddy brown." Stef Bokhorst is an ecologist at Vrije University in Amsterdam. And the initially2 white stuff he's talking about is penguin poop.

南极洲以广袤的白色而闻名。不仅仅是雪。“如果是新鲜的，它可能是白色或粉红色的。最终一切都变成了棕色，浑浊的棕色。”Stef Bokhorst是阿姆斯特丹自由大学的生态学家。他说的最初的白色东西是企鹅的粪便。

"The first thing you notice of it is the smell. You're squishing through puddles3 of what you think is mud, but it's actually just poo. And that produces that really strong ammonia smell you can smell from miles away."

“你首先注意到的是它的味道。你在你认为是泥浆的水坑里挤来挤去，但实际上它只是便便。这就产生了一种非常强烈的氨气味道，几英里外都能闻到。”

But it’s not just the smell that travels on the wind. Ammonia contains nitrogen—a valuable fertilizer. So the winds carry nourishment4 to nearby mosses5 and lichens6. That in turn supports teeming7 communities of the largest fully8 terrestrial animals in Antarctica: invertebrates9 like springtails and mites10.

但不仅仅是气味在风中传播。氨含有氮——一种有价值的肥料。所以风把营养带到附近的苔藓和地衣。这反过来又支持了南极洲最大的陆生动物群落的繁衍:像跳尾虫和螨虫这样的无脊椎动物。

Bokhorst and his colleagues took air and plant samples around the poop piles, and found this airborne ammonia fertilizer enriches life as far as a mile away. The full details are in the journal Current Biology.

Bokhorst和他的同事采集了粪便堆周围的空气和植物样本，发现这种通过空气传播的氨肥可以丰富一英里以外的生命。完整的细节发表在《当代生物学》杂志上。

And the work makes it easier for scientists like Bokhorst to remotely estimate Antarctica's biodiversity. "We don't have to go to all of these field sites, we can sit at home, take all these pictures with satellites, and get an idea where the highest biodiversity should be, along the peninsula."

这项工作使得像博霍斯特这样的科学家更容易远程估计南极洲的生物多样性。“我们不需要去所有这些实地考察地点，我们可以坐在家里，用卫星拍下所有这些照片，然后了解生物多样性最高的地方应该在哪里，沿着半岛。”

Of course, doctors have long taken a stool sample to get medical information about a patient. And now ecologists will be able to use imagery to track feces and predict its beneficial effects at the bottom of the world. In short: don’t poo-poo the poo.

当然，医生长期以来一直通过粪便样本来获取病人的医疗信息。现在生态学家将能够使用图像来跟踪粪便并预测其在世界底部的有益影响。简而言之:不要糟蹋粪便。


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1 penguin W3jzf     
n.企鹅
参考例句：
  • The penguin is a flightless bird.企鹅是一种不会飞的鸟。
  • He walked with an awkward gait like a penguin.他走路的步子难看得就像企鹅。
2 initially 273xZ     
adv.最初，开始
参考例句：
  • The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
  • Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。
3 puddles 38bcfd2b26c90ae36551f1fa3e14c14c     
n.水坑， （尤指道路上的）雨水坑( puddle的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The puddles had coalesced into a small stream. 地面上水洼子里的水汇流成了一条小溪。
  • The road was filled with puddles from the rain. 雨后路面到处是一坑坑的积水。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 nourishment Ovvyi     
n.食物，营养品；营养情况
参考例句：
  • Lack of proper nourishment reduces their power to resist disease.营养不良降低了他们抵抗疾病的能力。
  • He ventured that plants draw part of their nourishment from the air.他大胆提出植物从空气中吸收部分养分的观点。
5 mosses c7366f977619e62b758615914b126fcb     
n. 藓类, 苔藓植物 名词moss的复数形式
参考例句：
  • Ferns, mosses and fungi spread by means of spores. 蕨类植物、苔藓和真菌通过孢子传播蔓生。
  • The only plants to be found in Antarctica are algae, mosses, and lichens. 在南极洲所发现的植物只有藻类、苔藓和地衣。
6 lichens 8ba13422ddec8ecf73fb1d0cb20f495f     
n.地衣( lichen的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The only plants to be found in Antarctica are algae, mosses, and lichens. 在南极洲所发现的植物只有藻类、苔藓和地衣。 来自辞典例句
  • Litmus: Mixture of coloured organic compounds obtained from several species of lichens. 石蕊：从几种地衣类植物中获取的带色有机化合物的混合物。 来自互联网
7 teeming 855ef2b5bd20950d32245ec965891e4a     
adj.丰富的v.充满( teem的现在分词 )；到处都是；（指水、雨等）暴降；倾注
参考例句：
  • The rain was teeming down. 大雨倾盆而下。
  • the teeming streets of the city 熙熙攘攘的城市街道
8 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地
参考例句：
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
9 invertebrates 7e45dc289993d00de9b9f14a70e51319     
n.无脊椎动物( invertebrate的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Insects and worms are all invertebrates. 昆虫和蠕虫都是无脊椎动物。 来自辞典例句
  • In the earthworm and many other invertebrates, these excretory structures are called nephridia. 在蚯蚓和许多其它无脊椎动物中，这些排泄结构称为肾管。 来自辞典例句
10 mites d5df57c25d6a534a9cab886a451cde43     
n.（尤指令人怜悯的）小孩( mite的名词复数 )；一点点；一文钱；螨
参考例句：
  • The only discovered animals are water bears, mites, microscopic rotifers. 能够发现的动物只有海蜘蛛、螨和微小的轮虫。 来自辞典例句
  • Mites are frequently found on eggs. 螨会经常出现在蛋上。 来自辞典例句

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