在线英语听力室

科学美国人60秒 SSS 啤酒花可能使啤酒爆炸

时间:2019-09-30 02:27:29

搜索关注在线英语听力室公众号:tingroom,领取免费英语资料大礼包。

(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。

The Allagash Brewing2 Company, in Maine, makes a lot of "bottle-conditioned" beers — brews3 that get their carbonation by fermenting4 a second time, in the bottle, as yeast5 belch6 out CO2.

美国缅因州的阿拉加什酿酒公司生产大量的瓶装啤酒,随着酵母喷出二氧化碳,啤酒会通过在瓶中二次发酵而获得碳化作用。

"And because they do bottle conditioning they're meticulous7 about monitoring package pressures. It's a way for them to follow the progression of this re-fermentation in the bottle." Thomas Shellhammer is a brewing scientist at Oregon State University. Who freely acknowledges: "It's a fun job. Science and beer."

“由于他们制造的是瓶内发酵啤酒,所以他们会仔细监测瓶子压力。对他们来说,这是追踪瓶中再发酵过程的一种方式。”俄勒冈州立大学的酿造学家托马斯·谢尔哈默说到。他坦率地承认:“这是份有趣的工作。既有科学,又有啤酒。”

Anyway, not long ago, Allagash noticed some very high pressures in some of their bottles. Not quite exploding. But alarming enough for them to give Shellhammer a call.

总之,不久前阿拉加什公司注意到有些酒瓶内的压力非常高。压力并未达到爆炸的程度。但这足以令他们感到担忧,因此他们打电话将此事告知了谢尔哈默。

What he and his colleague Kaylyn Kirkpatrick found was that hops9 — the bittering agent in beers — might be to blame. Because the aromatic10 flowers contain enzymes11 that can chew up starch12. Typically, when hop8 flowers are added during the initial cooking of the fermentable13 brew1, those key enzymes are denatured. And thus the flowers' only role is as a flavoring agent.

他和同事凯琳·柯克帕特里克发现,这可能要归咎于啤酒中的苦味剂啤酒花。因为这种芳香的花含有可以消耗淀粉的酶。通常来说,在发酵啤酒最初蒸煮过程中加入啤酒花,那些关键酶就会变性。因此,啤酒花的唯一作用就是增香。

But as the demand for hoppy14 beers has grown, brewers have been looking for other tricks to get those juicy, fruity, herbal aromas16 into beers. So they've been what's called "dry-hopping17" beers — dumping loads of hops into the beer during or after fermentation, rather than during the initial boil.

但随着啤酒花啤酒需求的增长,啤酒酿造者一直在寻找其它窍门,将这些多汁、果味和香草味的芳香加入啤酒中。因此,他们一直使用“干啤酒花法”——在啤酒发酵过程中或发酵后倒入大量啤酒花,而不是在最初煮沸过程中就加入啤酒花。

"So there's sort of an upward limit to how much hops you'd want to put in the kettle because the beers just get unpalatably bitter. But if a brewer15 focuses on dry hopping they can put very large amounts of hops into beer to create intense hoppy flavors."

“往壶中倒入多少啤酒花是有上限的,因为加入的啤酒花过多会使啤酒苦的难以下咽。但如果啤酒酿造者只使用干啤酒花法,他们可以在啤酒中加入大量啤酒花,以产生浓郁的啤酒花风味。”

Problem is, adding hops late doesn't deactivate18 their starch-attacking enzymes. And they're able to b?reak down starches19 the yeasts20 weren't able to attack, unleashing21 even more sugar into the brew. And if yeast are still hanging out, as in Allagash's bottle-conditioned beers, that kickstarts additional fermentation. And that boosts alcohol by volume and carbon dioxide concentration — to potentially explosive levels.

问题是,晚加入啤酒花不会使淀粉攻击酶失活。这些淀粉攻击酶能够分解酵母无法攻击的淀粉,将更多糖分释放到啤酒中。如果酵母仍留在啤酒中,就像阿拉加什公司的瓶装啤酒那样,就会启动额外的发酵过程。而这会使酒精含量和二氧化碳浓度上升到可能会爆炸的水平。

"Basically the hops are taking something that's considered by brewers to be unfermentable, and breaking them down to the point where they can actually re-ferment, or become fermentable, or potentially contribute to sweetness, as beer ages."

“基本上来说,啤酒花会将啤酒酿造者认为不能发酵的物质分解成随着啤酒成熟可以再次发酵的程度,或使其成为可以发酵的物质,或是可以增加甜度的物质。”

The full detective story is in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

完整的侦探故事刊登在《农业科学与食品科学》期刊上。

And, in case you're wondering, Shellhammer's palate does align22 with his academic interests: "I'm kind of intrigued23 by the hazy24, juicy IPA thing that's going on right now. I'm also a fan of sort of traditional old school IPAs." He's the rare professor whose students use IPAs to raise their GPAs.

如果你想知道的话,谢尔哈默的口味与他的学术兴趣是一致的:“现在流行的浑浊果味印度淡色艾尔啤酒(IPA)令我着迷。我也喜欢传统旧式印度淡色艾尔啤酒。”他的学生用印度淡色艾尔啤酒来提高学分,这样的教授可是世间少有哦。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


分享到:


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 brew kWezK     
v.酿造,调制
参考例句:
  • Let's brew up some more tea.咱们沏些茶吧。
  • The policeman dispelled the crowd lest they should brew trouble.警察驱散人群,因恐他们酿祸。
2 brewing eaabd83324a59add9a6769131bdf81b5     
n. 酿造, 一次酿造的量 动词brew的现在分词形式
参考例句:
  • It was obvious that a big storm was brewing up. 很显然,一场暴风雨正在酝酿中。
  • She set about brewing some herb tea. 她动手泡一些药茶。
3 brews 3c9121e29c31af738dda66d88a876b61     
n.(尤指某地酿造的)啤酒( brew的名词复数 );酿造物的种类;(茶)一次的冲泡量;(不同思想、环境、事件的)交融v.调制( brew的第三人称单数 );酝酿;沏(茶);煮(咖啡)
参考例句:
  • He brews beer at home. 他在家里酿造啤酒。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They produce the country's best brews of beer. 他们生产该国的佳酿啤酒。 来自辞典例句
4 fermenting fdd52e85d75b46898edb910a097ddbf6     
v.(使)发酵( ferment的现在分词 );(使)激动;骚动;骚扰
参考例句:
  • The fermenting wine has bubbled up and over the top. 发酵的葡萄酒已经冒泡,溢了出来。 来自辞典例句
  • It must be processed through methods like boiling, grinding or fermenting. 它必须通过煮沸、研磨、或者发酵等方法加工。 来自互联网
5 yeast 7VIzu     
n.酵母;酵母片;泡沫;v.发酵;起泡沫
参考例句:
  • Yeast can be used in making beer and bread.酵母可用于酿啤酒和发面包。
  • The yeast began to work.酵母开始发酵。
6 belch GuazY     
v.打嗝,喷出
参考例句:
  • Cucumber makes me belch.黃瓜吃得我打嗝。
  • Plant chimneys belch out dense smoke.工厂的烟囱冒出滚滚浓烟。
7 meticulous A7TzJ     
adj.极其仔细的,一丝不苟的
参考例句:
  • We'll have to handle the matter with meticulous care.这事一点不能含糊。
  • She is meticulous in her presentation of facts.她介绍事实十分详细。
8 hop vdJzL     
n.单脚跳,跳跃;vi.单脚跳,跳跃;着手做某事;vt.跳跃,跃过
参考例句:
  • The children had a competition to see who could hop the fastest.孩子们举行比赛,看谁单足跳跃最快。
  • How long can you hop on your right foot?你用右脚能跳多远?
9 hops a6b9236bf6c7a3dfafdbc0709208acc0     
跳上[下]( hop的第三人称单数 ); 单足蹦跳; 齐足(或双足)跳行; 摘葎草花
参考例句:
  • The sparrow crossed the lawn in a series of hops. 那麻雀一蹦一跳地穿过草坪。
  • It is brewed from malt and hops. 它用麦精和蛇麻草酿成。
10 aromatic lv9z8     
adj.芳香的,有香味的
参考例句:
  • It has an agreeable aromatic smell.它有一种好闻的香味。
  • It is light,fruity aromatic and a perfect choice for ending a meal.它是口感轻淡,圆润,芳香的,用于结束一顿饭完美的选择。
11 enzymes 7881ad8ce9c83424f7874e70266ed2d8     
n. 酶,酵素
参考例句:
  • It was said that washing powders containing enzymes remove stains more efficiently. 据说加酶洗衣粉除污更有效。
  • Among the enzymes which are particularly effective are pepsin, papain. 在酶当中特别有效的是胃朊酶、木瓜酶。
12 starch YrAyK     
n.淀粉;vt.给...上浆
参考例句:
  • Corn starch is used as a thickener in stews.玉米淀粉在炖煮菜肴中被用作增稠剂。
  • I think there's too much starch in their diet.我看是他们的饮食里淀粉太多了。
13 fermentable 0440329f5048b3373ea575f726597a20     
adj.可发酵的,发酵性的
参考例句:
  • We will discuss fermentable fiber more in Part 5 of this series. 我们将会在这系列的部份5讨论沸腾的纤维更多。 来自互联网
  • The conditions of fermentable and enzymatic conversion of M14 were optimized. 对高活性突变株M14的细胞转化和发酵转化条件进行优化。 来自互联网
14 hoppy 1911a015a044125938557b2f2935b6ab     
(指海洋)波浪起伏的
参考例句:
  • The sea began getting choppy. 大海开始变得波涛起伏。
  • The choppy waves made handling the boats a tricky operation that day. 那天在滔滔的波浪里驾驶小舟着实费了一番手脚。
15 brewer brewer     
n. 啤酒制造者
参考例句:
  • Brewer is a very interesting man. 布鲁尔是一个很有趣的人。
  • I decided to quit my job to become a brewer. 我决定辞职,做一名酿酒人。
16 aromas 22108e13d76196351f5487c7c02f8109     
n.芳香( aroma的名词复数 );气味;风味;韵味
参考例句:
  • Intoxicating earth aromas induced lassitude and ethereal calm. 泥土的醉人的芳香叫人懒洋洋的,感到一种远离尘世的宁静。 来自辞典例句
  • Nose and elegant nose with attractive fruity, floral and citrus fruit aromas. 芳香:优雅、馥郁、迷人的柑橘属水果的果香及花的清香。 来自互联网
17 hopping hopping     
n. 跳跃 动词hop的现在分词形式
参考例句:
  • The clubs in town are really hopping. 城里的俱乐部真够热闹的。
  • I'm hopping over to Paris for the weekend. 我要去巴黎度周末。
18 deactivate oy8xP     
v.使无效;复员
参考例句:
  • Russia is deactivating some of its deadliest missiles.俄罗斯正在拆除其一些最危险的导弹。
  • I go through several complex steps to try to "deactivate" my profile.我尝试了那些复杂的步骤,试图“撤销”我的个人资料。
19 starches 4a2ff941018a19601cc0790704781df1     
n.淀粉( starch的名词复数 );含淀粉的食物;浆粉v.把(衣服、床单等)浆一浆( starch的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • You should avoid sugars and starches. 你应避免吃糖和含淀粉的食物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Cotton and rayon yarns are most often sized with water-insoluble starches. 棉和人造丝纱多用不溶于水的淀粉上浆。 来自互联网
20 yeasts 6b2eca0ad59a93e429f62e7251090f31     
酵母( yeast的名词复数 ); 酵母菌; 发面饼; 发酵粉
参考例句:
  • The basidiospores proliperate in a manner comparable to the multiplication of yeasts. 担孢子以一种可与酵母繁殖相比拟的方式进行增殖。
  • Wine yeasts can grow in sweet wines even after bottling. 装瓶以后葡萄酒酵母也能在甜葡萄酒中生长。
21 unleashing 8742c1b567c83ec8d9e14c8aeacbc729     
v.把(感情、力量等)释放出来,发泄( unleash的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Company logos: making people's life better by unleashing Cummins power. 公司理念:以康明斯动力建设更美好的生活! 来自互联网
  • Sooner or later the dam will burst, unleashing catastrophic destruction. 否则堤坝将崩溃,酿成灾难。 来自互联网
22 align fKeyZ     
vt.使成一线,结盟,调节;vi.成一线,结盟
参考例句:
  • Align the ruler and the middle of the paper.使尺子与纸张的中部成一条直线。
  • There are signs that the prime minister is aligning himself with the liberals.有迹象表明首相正在与自由党人结盟。
23 intrigued 7acc2a75074482e2b408c60187e27c73     
adj.好奇的,被迷住了的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的过去式);激起…的兴趣或好奇心;“intrigue”的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • You've really intrigued me—tell me more! 你说的真有意思—再给我讲一些吧!
  • He was intrigued by her story. 他被她的故事迷住了。
24 hazy h53ya     
adj.有薄雾的,朦胧的;不肯定的,模糊的
参考例句:
  • We couldn't see far because it was so hazy.雾气蒙蒙妨碍了我们的视线。
  • I have a hazy memory of those early years.对那些早先的岁月我有着朦胧的记忆。

本文本内容来源于互联网抓取和网友提交,仅供参考,部分栏目没有内容,如果您有更合适的内容,欢迎 点击提交 分享给大家。