2014年经济学人 土耳其工人 不太安全

（单词翻译）

Workers in Turkey

Not so safe

Turkey's building and mining boom raises questions about workers' safety

“THAT building was erected¹ on my brother's blood,” Damla Kiyak, a 20-year-old student, declares. Two years ago her 30-year-old brother, Baris, a construction worker, burned to death, with ten others, in a tent on the site of a shopping mall in Esenyurt. This urban sprawl² on the outskirts³ of Istanbul is a symbol of the building boom that is enriching Turkey's businessmen and politicians—and claiming the lives of thousands.

The tent in which Baris died was meant for 50 people, but over 100 were crammed⁴ into it. They jammed electric blankets and stoves into a power outlet⁶ meant for telephone chargers. The tent was flammable. “Inspectors⁷ kept warning the owners that a fire was around the corner. They did nothing,” says Ms Kiyak, whose mother was approached by the firm to buy her silence. A legal fight over negligence⁸ by the owner continues.

At least 14,455 workers have died in industrial accidents since the Justice and Development (AK) party came to power in 2002. “Turkey has the worst worker safety record in Europe,” says Murat Cakir of Yangin Kulesi, an advocacy group. The neglect was revealed by a recent mine explosion in Soma, which killed 302, the highest toll⁹ in Turkish history. There was no refuge chamber¹⁰; oxygen masks did not work; methane¹¹ leaks and fires occurred daily.

In October in Ermenek, another mining town, 18 miners died when a shaft¹² flooded. “My son doesn't know how to swim,” cried a mother as rescue teams worked. Leaks had been detected, yet the owners did nothing, pushing workers to the limit. Miners talk of being forced to urinate in water bottles to save time.

“Safety inspectors typically tip off owners, palms are greased,” explains Erbay Yucak, a lawyer helping¹³ Ms Kiyak. “But previous governments seem less corrupt¹⁴ only because the economy was far smaller.” AK has rammed⁵ through laws to punish negligent¹⁵ employers, but Ahmet Davutoglu, the prime minister, concedes that to improve safety “mentalities must change”.

In Esenyurt danger lurks¹⁶ in a high-voltage line near a cluster of new high-rise blocks. “Crime, drugs, pollution, unemployment, ethnic¹⁷ tensions, Syrian refugees. It's all there,” says Ayse Cavdar, a social anthropologist¹⁸. Esenyurt is a recruiting ground for jihadists, who are said to have been behind arson¹⁹ attacks on two Shia mosques²¹ in the summer. “Most people buy these flats online. They have no idea of the dangers,” says Atakan Ciftci, an opposition²² councillor.

The government is reviving plans for a shopping centre at Gezi Park that triggered lethal²³ protests last year. The president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, is building an extravagant²⁴ new palace in Ankara. The culture ministry²⁵ wants a madrassa in the courtyard of the Haghia Sophia museum. Might this boost AK's hopes of converting the old church into a mosque²⁰?