2015年经济学人 德国与希腊 如有必要就退出

（单词翻译）

Germany and Greece

Go if you must

Angela Merkel appears to have become more sanguine¹ about a Grexit

Merkel points the way for Samaras

IF THE Syriza party wins Greece's election on January 25th, most think the power to negotiate rests with Angela Merkel, the German chancellor². “A small minority, centred on the conservative leadership of the German government,” says Alexis Tsipras, Syriza's leader, “insists on rehashing old wives' tales and Grexit stories.”

So it seemed after German officials leaked to Der Spiegel, a weekly, their assessment³ that Grexit would not only be bearable but might even make the euro stronger. Other problem countries have weathered the crisis (Portugal, Ireland) or are making progress (Spain). The euro zone now has a bail-out fund and a banking⁴ union. German banks and insurers have reduced their exposure.

On January 5th Steffen Seibert, Mrs Merkel's spokesman, insisted that German policy had not changed: it still aimed to hold the euro zone together. Yet all sides are now debating Grexit. Some in Mrs Merkel's Christian⁵ Democratic Union (CDU) said giving in to Greece would encourage other countries, including France, to rebel against spending cuts and supply-side reforms. Sigmar Gabriel, leader of the Social Democrats⁶, Mrs Merkel's coalition⁷ partners, said Germany must not be “blackmailed”.

Other Social Democrats recoiled⁸ from this tone. So did the CDU's conservative Bavarian sister party. “We should not behave as a schoolmaster” to the Greeks, said Horst Seehofer, the Bavarian premier⁹. The whole discussion was “irresponsible”, warned Simone Peter, a leader of the Greens. Sahra Wagenknecht, a leader of the ex-communist Left party, which sides with Syriza, accused Mrs Merkel's government of “scare tactics” to influence the Greek election.

Carsten Nickel at Teneo Intelligence, a risk consultancy, thinks Mrs Merkel is trying to “send a strong signal toAthens” that aid would still be tied to reforms, but that she will be flexible. A deal with Mr Tsipras could include lower interest or longer maturities¹⁰ for Greek debt. But politics limit her room for manoeuvre¹¹. One change is the rise of the new anti-euro Alternative for Germany. It did well in state elections last year but is now riven by squabbles. Any softness on Greece will feed its support in Hamburg's election in February. Public opinion remains¹² sceptical. The tabloid¹³ Bild says that, if Greece can't play by the rules,Germany should show it the “red card”.

This is the tightrope¹⁴ Mrs Merkel must walk after January 25th. Until then, she is likely to keep quiet. Even Austria, usually as strident as Germanyon the euro, has struck a note of caution. Its finance minister, Hans J?rg Schelling, told a German newspaper that it was not appropriate to “meddle in the election campaigns of other countries”. That is the last thing Mrs Merkel can be seen doing.