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科学美国人60秒 SSS 胃饥饿素让你暴饮暴食

时间:2019-12-10 06:31:17

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This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin.

'Tis the season...for overeating! But it's not just your lack of willpower or the omnipresent holiday treats. No, you can lay some of the blame on ghrelin. Because a new study shows that ghrelin, the hormone1 that makes you hungry, also makes food...and food smells...irresistibly2 appealing. The finding appears in the journal Cell Reports.

Ghrelin is produced in the stomach, and its levels rise before your habitual3 mealtimes and after you haven't eaten for an extended period. So the hormone reminds you to put something in your belly4. Injecting rats with ghrelin encourages them to eat...and people who receive a dose of ghrelin grab extra helpings5 from the buffet6.

But how does the hormone induce overindulgence? To find out, researchers at McGill University trained volunteers to associate random7 images with the smell of food. For example, every time they saw a tree, they might get a whiff of freshly baked bread. At the same time, some of the subjects received ghrelin; others got only saline.

The volunteers were then ushered8 into an fMRI machine, where the researchers watched their brains to see which parts got turned on by different images.

Seems that in subjects under the influence of ghrelin, the brain region involved in pleasure and reward lit up only when volunteers viewed the images they associated with food aromas9. Their brain pleasure centers were disinterested10 in images that had not been paired with food smells.

Also, when participants were then asked to rate the pleasantness of the images, the ones who'd been exposed to ghrelin gave higher grades to the food-associated pictures than did folks who got no ghrelin.

So when visions of sugarplums...or the smell of apple pie...get your stomach growlin'...you can thank—or blame—your ghrelin. As you reach for a fork.

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin.


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1 hormone uyky3     
n.荷尔蒙,激素,内分泌
参考例句:
  • Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
  • This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
2 irresistibly 5946377e9ac116229107e1f27d141137     
adv.无法抵抗地,不能自持地;极为诱惑人地
参考例句:
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside. 她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He was irresistibly attracted by her charm. 他不能自已地被她的魅力所吸引。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 habitual x5Pyp     
adj.习惯性的;通常的,惯常的
参考例句:
  • He is a habitual criminal.他是一个惯犯。
  • They are habitual visitors to our house.他们是我家的常客。
4 belly QyKzLi     
n.肚子,腹部;(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分,膛
参考例句:
  • The boss has a large belly.老板大腹便便。
  • His eyes are bigger than his belly.他眼馋肚饱。
5 helpings 835bc3d1bf4c0bc59996bf878466084d     
n.(食物)的一份( helping的名词复数 );帮助,支持
参考例句:
  • You greedy pig! You've already had two helpings! 你这个馋嘴!你已经吃了两份了!
  • He had two helpings of pudding. 他吃了两客布丁。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
6 buffet 8sXzg     
n.自助餐;饮食柜台;餐台
参考例句:
  • Are you having a sit-down meal or a buffet at the wedding?你想在婚礼中摆桌宴还是搞自助餐?
  • Could you tell me what specialties you have for the buffet?你能告诉我你们的自助餐有什么特色菜吗?
7 random HT9xd     
adj.随机的;任意的;n.偶然的(或随便的)行动
参考例句:
  • The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
  • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
8 ushered d337b3442ea0cc4312a5950ae8911282     
v.引,领,陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The secretary ushered me into his office. 秘书把我领进他的办公室。
  • A round of parties ushered in the New Year. 一系列的晚会迎来了新年。 来自《简明英汉词典》
9 aromas 22108e13d76196351f5487c7c02f8109     
n.芳香( aroma的名词复数 );气味;风味;韵味
参考例句:
  • Intoxicating earth aromas induced lassitude and ethereal calm. 泥土的醉人的芳香叫人懒洋洋的,感到一种远离尘世的宁静。 来自辞典例句
  • Nose and elegant nose with attractive fruity, floral and citrus fruit aromas. 芳香:优雅、馥郁、迷人的柑橘属水果的果香及花的清香。 来自互联网
10 disinterested vu4z6s     
adj.不关心的,不感兴趣的
参考例句:
  • He is impartial and disinterested.他公正无私。
  • He's always on the make,I have never known him do a disinterested action.他这个人一贯都是唯利是图,我从来不知道他有什么无私的行动。

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