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科学美国人60秒 SSS 单糖会消灭有益的肠道细菌

时间:2019-12-10 06:32:12

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(单词翻译)

 

This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin.

We all know that stuffing our faces with sweet treats is not good for us. In part because it's bad for the health-promoting bacteria that inhabit our intestines2. Now, researchers have figured out how simple sugars wipe out a particular strain of beneficial gut3 microbes.

"The underlying4 assumption that existed in the literature was that simple sugars such as fructose and sucrose which are prevalent in Western diet are not good for humans."

Yale professor of Microbial Pathogenesis Eduardo Groisman, who led the study.

Simple sugars...like those in high fructose corn syrup5 or the table sugar formally known as sucrose...were thought to be absorbed in the small intestine1, so a lot of our gut bacteria would never actually be exposed to them.

Because fiber6 and complex carbs, made of long chains of sugar molecules7, are harder to digest...they make it all the way to the large intestine, where they promote the growth of good bugs8 like Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron...a microbe found in individuals who are healthy and lean.

"But now what our work actually shows is that both fructose and sucrose do make it to the colon9 where the microbiota exist. And second that these sugars impact a good bacterium10 even though nutrition is not involved."

In other words, the bacteria are not using fructose and sucrose as food. Instead, the sugars serve as signals that shut down production of a protein that beneficial Bacteroides need to colonize11 the intestine. The findings appear in the Proceedings12 of the National Academy of Sciences.

Groisman says he'd like to explore whether complex polysaccharides can save Bacteroides from this sugary death sentence. Because then maybe we can eat cake and have our gut bugs too.

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin.


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1 intestine rbpzY     
adj.内部的;国内的;n.肠
参考例句:
  • This vitamin is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine.这种维生素通过小肠壁被吸收。
  • The service productivity is the function,including external efficiency,intestine efficiency and capacity efficiency.服务业的生产率是一个包含有外部效率、内部效率和能力效率的函数。
2 intestines e809cc608db249eaf1b13d564503dbca     
n.肠( intestine的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Perhaps the most serious problems occur in the stomach and intestines. 最严重的问题或许出现在胃和肠里。 来自辞典例句
  • The traps of carnivorous plants function a little like the stomachs and small intestines of animals. 食肉植物的捕蝇器起着动物的胃和小肠的作用。 来自辞典例句
3 gut MezzP     
n.[pl.]胆量;内脏;adj.本能的;vt.取出内脏
参考例句:
  • It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
  • My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。
4 underlying 5fyz8c     
adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的
参考例句:
  • The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
  • This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。
5 syrup hguzup     
n.糖浆,糖水
参考例句:
  • I skimmed the foam from the boiling syrup.我撇去了煮沸糖浆上的泡沫。
  • Tinned fruit usually has a lot of syrup with it.罐头水果通常都有许多糖浆。
6 fiber NzAye     
n.纤维,纤维质
参考例句:
  • The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber.纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
  • The material must be free of fiber clumps.这种材料必须无纤维块。
7 molecules 187c25e49d45ad10b2f266c1fa7a8d49     
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
  • Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里,大分子裂变为小分子。
8 bugs e3255bae220613022d67e26d2e4fa689     
adj.疯狂的,发疯的n.窃听器( bug的名词复数 );病菌;虫子;[计算机](制作软件程序所产生的意料不到的)错误
参考例句:
  • All programs have bugs and need endless refinement. 所有的程序都有漏洞,都需要不断改进。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The sacks of rice were swarming with bugs. 一袋袋的米里长满了虫子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
9 colon jqfzJ     
n.冒号,结肠,直肠
参考例句:
  • Here,too,the colon must be followed by a dash.这里也是一样,应当在冒号后加破折号。
  • The colon is the locus of a large concentration of bacteria.结肠是大浓度的细菌所在地。
10 bacterium BN7zE     
n.(pl.)bacteria 细菌
参考例句:
  • The bacterium possibly goes in the human body by the mouth.细菌可能通过口进入人体。
  • A bacterium is identified as the cause for his duodenal ulcer.一种细菌被断定为造成他十二指肠溃疡的根源。
11 colonize mqzzM     
v.建立殖民地,拓殖;定居,居于
参考例句:
  • Around 700 Arabs began to colonize East Africa.公元700年阿拉伯人开始把东非变为殖民地。
  • Japan used to colonize many countries in Asia.日本曾经殖民过许多亚洲国家。
12 proceedings Wk2zvX     
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
参考例句:
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

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