2019年经济学人 血腥学者易卜拉欣·阿瓦徳(2)

（单词翻译）

Now that IS had territory—the city of Raqqa, too, had fallen to him—he declared a Sunni caliphate and himself Caliph Ibrahim, the most pious¹, the warrior², the reviver, who would take Baghdad and lead his mujahideen as far as Rome. He not only spoke³, but posted his sermon on YouTube. The world noticed him then. He also surprised those who thought they knew him, the family man and keen footballer, living for years in a garret by the Tobchi mosque⁴ and teaching children there.

现在伊斯兰国拥有了领土-拉卡市也落到了他的手里-他建立了一个逊尼派哈里发国，自己则是哈里发易卜拉欣，最虔诚的人，战士，复活者，他将占领巴格达，像罗马般长久地领导者他的圣战者。他不仅发表了讲话，而且把自己的布道发到了油管上。世界在那时注意到了他。易卜拉欣也让那些自认为了解自己的人感到惊讶，他们认为他是一名居家男人和足球运动员，多年来一直住在托布基清真寺附近的阁楼里，在那里教孩子们读书。

Obviously he had been galvanised by the American invasion and his imprisonment⁵ in 2004 at Camp Bucca, where he taught the other yellow-clad inmates⁶ so serenely⁷ that his crusader-captors thought him no threat, and let him out. But his interest in the strict imposition of Islamic law came earlier. At university, prompted by an uncle, he had joined a jihadist-Salafist wing of the Muslim Brotherhood⁸. Long before that in the Samarra mosque he would devoutly⁹ clean and sweep, aware that his ancestors had won respect for doing that task. He would chastise¹⁰ his neighbours for their un-Islamic smoking, tattoos¹¹, or dancing with women.

很明显，易卜拉欣一直在美国的入侵中和2004年在布卡监狱的经历中学习，在那里，他平静地教导其他身穿黄色囚服的囚犯，以致于俘获他的十字军战士认为他没有威胁性，就把他放了出去。但是他对严格执行伊斯兰法律的兴趣之前就有了。在大学，在一位叔叔的鼓励下，易卜拉欣加入了一个穆斯林兄弟会的圣战萨拉菲派。在那之前很久，他就在萨马拉清真寺虔诚地打扫卫生，心中知道他的祖先已经因做这件事赢得了尊重。他会因为邻居抽烟、纹身、和女人跳舞等不符合伊斯兰教义的行为而惩罚他们。

Friends called him "The Believer", and he could unsettle them with his stare long before he had power enough to order the killing¹² of anyone who defied him. Time and again his Mosul sermon nodded to history and to the Prophet. That was the difference he, a scholar, made to the jihadist movement. He was not an engineer like Osama Bin¹³ Laden¹⁴ or a doctor like Ayman al-Zawahiri, both leaders of al-Qaeda. He brought intellectual weight, as well as the membership he claimed in the Qurayshi tribe, descendants of the Prophet. When he spoke at Mosul he wore black robes to evoke¹⁵ the Abbasids, the most powerful caliphs of early Islam.

朋友们称他为“信徒”，在他有权力下令杀死任何蔑视他的人很久之前，他会用自己的凝视使他们感到不安。易卜拉欣在摩苏尔的布道一次又一次地向先知致敬。这就是身为一个学者的他为圣战运动带来的改变。他不像奥萨马·本拉登那样是个工程师，也不像阿伊曼·阿尔-扎瓦希里那样是个医生，他们两位都是基地组织的领袖。易卜拉欣带来了知识的重量，以及他声称的库拉伊什部落的成员，先知的后代。当他在摩苏尔讲话时，他身着黑色长袍，以唤起人们对阿巴斯王朝的记忆。阿巴斯王朝是早期伊斯兰最强大的哈里发。