2019年经济学人 中国经济:关税后的生活(2)

（单词翻译）

Vietnamese customs officials have stepped up checks of everything from seafood¹ to aluminium² to ensure that they are not relabelled Chinese goods.

越南海关官员已经加强了对从海产品到铝等各种商品的检查，以确保它们不是被重新贴上标签的中国商品。

Julian Evans-Pritchard of Capital Economics, a research firm, estimates that American tariffs³ have cut Chinese GDP growth by about 0.6 percentage points,

研究公司Julian Evans-Pritchard of Capital Economics预计美国的关税削减了中国约0.6个百分点的GDP增长，

but that trans-shipments through South-East Asia may have lifted it back up by 0.3 percentage points.

但通过东南亚的转口运输可能将其提高了0.3个百分点。

There is also a third, more positive explanation: Chinese companies are highly competitive.

还有第三个更加积极的原因：中国公司具备很强的竞争力。

Once an assembly centre, China now makes more of the inputs⁴ that go into final goods.

中国曾经是一个组装中心，但现在它更多的投入到了终端产品上。

Its efforts in high-tech⁵ sectors⁶ such as semiconductors⁷ are well-known. But it is making lower-tech progress more broadly.

中国在半导体等高科技领域的努力众所周知。但它正在更大范围内取得低技术的进步。

The Chinese light-industry council, representing toymakers, food firms and the like,

代表玩具制造业、食品公司等的中国轻工业联合会

estimates that its 100 most technologically⁸ advanced members invest 2.5% of revenues in research and development,

估计其100个技术最先进的成员将2.5%的收入用于研发，

high by international standards; it is pressing them to hit 3%. The road ahead will not be easy for Chinese exporters.

这一比例高于国际标准；联合会要求他们达到3%。对中国出口商来说，前方的道路并不平坦。

The longer American tariffs last, the more likely American buyers are to find alternatives. The fall in Chinese sales to America has accelerated recently.

美国关税持续的时间越长，美国买家找到替代方案的可能性就越大。最近，中国对美出口的下滑速度有所加快。

On December 4th Chinese exporters of machinery⁹ and electronics met for their annual conference.

12月4日，中国机械和电子出口商召开了年度会议。

The theme was "flourishing together along One Belt, One Road",

会议主题是“一带一路，共同繁荣”，

in line with the government's policy of promoting economic ties with Asia, Africa and Europe.

这符合中国政府促进与亚洲、非洲和欧洲经济联系的政策。

In previous years that might have been politically astute¹⁰ positioning. Now it looks like a survival strategy.

在前几年，这可能是一种精明的政治定位。现在看起来像是一种生存策略。