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科学美国人60秒 SSS 河豚拥有广泛的发声能力

时间:2020-02-10 05:15:40

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(单词翻译)

 

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

Freshwater dolphins live in many of the world's biggest rivers, from the Amazon to the Ganges, and they differ in many ways from their better-known oceangoing cousins. "They have a flexible neck. They have different types of teeth. They can also move their flippers independently in different directions, so they can swim backwards1."

从亚马逊到恒河,全世界许多大型河流中都生活着淡水海豚,它们在很多方面都与人们所熟知的其远洋表亲存在不同。“它们的颈部非常灵活。它们的牙齿类型与众不同。它们还能独立地向不同方向移动鳍肢,这使它们可以向后游动。”

Gabriel Melo-Santos, a marine2 biologist at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. "When I decided3 I w???as going to be a biologist I decided I wanted to study dolphins. And being born in the Amazon, it was only natural to go for the river dolphins."

苏格兰圣安德鲁斯大学的海洋生物学家加布里埃尔·梅洛-桑托斯说到。“当我决定成为海洋生物学家时,我就决定研究海豚。因为我出生在亚马逊,所以选择河豚是很自然的事情。”

He says another thing that se?ts his study subjects apart from marine dolphins are their calls (river dolphin calls).

他说,他的研究对象与海豚的另一个区别是叫声(河豚的叫声)。

Over several years, Melo-Santos has recorded the sounds of Araguaian river dolphins that came calling at the Mocajuba fish market, on Brazil's Tocantins River. Then using sound analysis software, his team fished 237 distinct sound types from the recordings—indicating the dolphins have a wide repertoire4.

几年来,梅洛-桑托斯记录了巴西托坎廷斯河上莫卡朱巴鱼市上的阿拉瓜湾河豚的叫声。他的团队用声音分析软件捕获了237种不同类型的声音——这表明河豚拥有广泛的技能。

The call collection, published in the journal PeerJ, has only a few whistles. Instead, three quarters of the collected sounds were short two-parters, like this one (call) produced by a female calf5 as she rubbed her head on her mother's belly6. It's a call that's more similar in structure to the ones orcas and pilot whales make to identify a family or social group than to the social whistles of marine dolphins.

这个声音集发表在《PeerJ》期刊上,只有小部分声音是哨音。相反,有四分之三的声音是短促的、有两个参与者的声音,比如这种(叫声)这是一只雌性幼崽用头摩擦妈妈肚子时发出的声音。这种叫声在结构上更类似于虎鲸和领航鲸辨认家人或社会群体的声音,而不像海豚发出的社交哨声。

"These are older lineages, right? So if you understand how these dolphins communicate, we might have a sense to understand how the communication system evolved in different lineages of cetaceans." Meaning perhaps these calls between mother and calf are, like the river dolphins themselves, an evolutionary7 relic8.

“这些是更古老的世系,对吧?因此,如果你了解这些海豚的交流方式,我们或许就能理解在鲸类动物的不同世系中,交流系统是如何进化的。”这意味着,也许河豚这种母子间交流的叫声,就像河豚本身一样,是进化的遗迹。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 backwards BP9ya     
adv.往回地,向原处,倒,相反,前后倒置地
参考例句:
  • He turned on the light and began to pace backwards and forwards.他打开电灯并开始走来走去。
  • All the girls fell over backwards to get the party ready.姑娘们迫不及待地为聚会做准备。
2 marine 77Izo     
adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵
参考例句:
  • Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
  • When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
3 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
4 repertoire 2BCze     
n.(准备好演出的)节目,保留剧目;(计算机的)指令表,指令系统, <美>(某个人的)全部技能;清单,指令表
参考例句:
  • There is an extensive repertoire of music written for the flute.有很多供长笛演奏的曲目。
  • He has added considerably to his piano repertoire.他的钢琴演奏曲目大大增加了。
5 calf ecLye     
n.小牛,犊,幼仔,小牛皮
参考例句:
  • The cow slinked its calf.那头母牛早产了一头小牛犊。
  • The calf blared for its mother.牛犊哞哞地高声叫喊找妈妈。
6 belly QyKzLi     
n.肚子,腹部;(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分,膛
参考例句:
  • The boss has a large belly.老板大腹便便。
  • His eyes are bigger than his belly.他眼馋肚饱。
7 evolutionary Ctqz7m     
adj.进化的;演化的,演变的;[生]进化论的
参考例句:
  • Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
  • These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。
8 relic 4V2xd     
n.神圣的遗物,遗迹,纪念物
参考例句:
  • This stone axe is a relic of ancient times.这石斧是古代的遗物。
  • He found himself thinking of the man as a relic from the past.他把这个男人看成是过去时代的人物。

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