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科学美国人60秒 SSS 土拨鼠天气预测能力不行啊

时间:2020-02-14 01:54:32

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Facts about Groundhogs Other Than Their Poor Meteorology

February 2: the day each year when we look toward an oversized rodent1 to find out how much more winter we’ll endure. In honor of the occasion, here’s seven things you might not have known about the groundhog.

2月2日:每年的这一天,我们都会观察一只体型巨大的啮齿动物,看看我们还需忍受多少寒冬。为了纪念这一时刻,这里有7件关于土拨鼠你可能不知道的事情。

1. The groundhog’s scientific name is Marmota monax, making it one of 14 types of marmot that can be found in the Northern Hemisphere. Marmots are members of the Sciuridae family, which makes the groundhog just a really big ground squirrel.

1.土拨鼠的学名是Marmota monax,是北半球14种土拨鼠之一。土拨鼠属于土拨鼠科,土拨鼠是一种非常大的地松鼠。

2. As just noted2, groundhogs are a type of marmot. So you can accurately3 say, “Hey, the marmot saw its shadow.” You could also refer to them as woodchucks, whistle-pigs or land beavers4, depending on where you’re from. The name whistle-pig comes from the high-pitched whistle that groundhogs emit to warn the rest of a colony about danger. And contrary to what you might think, the name woodchuck has nothing to do with wood. It’s derived5 from the Algonquian name for the animal, wuchak. A big enough groundhog could nevertheless chuck some wood.

2.如前所述,土拨鼠是鼠类的一种。所以你可以准确地说,“嘿,土拨鼠看到它的影子了。”你也可以称它们为土拨鼠、吹口哨的猪或河狸,这取决于你来自哪里。“口哨猪”这个名字来自于土拨鼠发出的尖锐的口哨声,这种声音是用来警告其他的土拨鼠群体有危险。与你所想的相反,土拨鼠这个名字与木头毫无关系。它来自于阿尔冈琴语对这种动物的称呼——“wuchak”。一只足够大的土拨鼠也能扔木头。

3. Male and female groundhogs tend to occupy the same territories, year after year. Females generally keep to themselves, with only around a 10 percent overlap6 during the late spring, as they try to expand their home ranges. Males also tend to avoid other males, but they have much larger home ranges. Their territories can overlap with as many as three females’ territories.

3.雄性土拨鼠和雌性土拨鼠往往年复一年地占据相同的领地。雌性一般都独来独往,在晚春的时候只有10%会重合,因为它们想要扩大自己的活动范围。雄性也倾向于避开其他雄性,但它们的活动范围要大得多。它们的领地可以与多达三个雌性的领地重叠。

4. Infant groundhogs are usually born around mid-April. And after just two or three months, they’re ready to set off on their own. But around a third of juvenile7 females stay at home for nearly a year, right up until Mom gives birth to the next litter of babies. While Dad has his own burrow8 elsewhere, he visits each of his mates’ burrows9 every day until the infants disperse10.

4.土拨鼠通常在四月中旬左右出生。两三个月后,它们就准备好自己出发了。但是大约有三分之一的雌性幼崽会在家里呆上将近一年,直到妈妈生下一窝幼崽。虽然爸爸在其他地方有自己的洞穴,但它每天都会去每个伙伴的洞穴,直到孩子们散去。

5. Groundhogs salute11 each other with a unique greeting. Groundhog number one approaches and touches his or her nose to the mouth of groundhog number two. Scientists call this behavior “naso-oral contact.”

5.土拨鼠以独特的方式互相问候。土拨鼠1号走近并把它的鼻子接触到土拨鼠2号的嘴巴。科学家称这种行为为“鼻口接触”。

6. The animals might be called groundhogs, but they are quite adept12 at climbing trees. So next time you’re in groundhog territory, look up!

6.这些动物可能被称为土拨鼠,但它们非常擅长爬树。所以下次你在土拨鼠领地的时候,先抬头看看!

7. When it comes to accurately predicting the weather, the famous Punxsutawney Phil has been correct only around 36 percent of the time since 1969. That’s according to an analysis by meteorologists from Weather Underground. You’d have a higher rate of accuracy by simply flipping14 a coin. But nobody’s gonna come to Punxsutawney to watch a coin flip13.

7.著名的土拨鼠费尔在准确预测天气方面,自1969年以来的准确率只有36%。这是根据来自《地下气象》的气象学家的分析得出的。人们只要简单地抛一枚硬币,就会有更高的准确率。但没人会找费尔看硬币翻转。


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1 rodent DsNyh     
n.啮齿动物;adj.啮齿目的
参考例句:
  • When there is a full moon,this nocturnal rodent is careful to stay in its burrow.月圆之夜,这种夜间活动的啮齿类动物会小心地呆在地洞里不出来。
  • This small rodent can scoop out a long,narrow tunnel in a very short time.这种小啮齿动物能在很短的时间里挖出一条又长又窄的地道来。
2 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
3 accurately oJHyf     
adv.准确地,精确地
参考例句:
  • It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
  • Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
4 beavers 87070e8082105b943967bbe495b7d9f7     
海狸( beaver的名词复数 ); 海狸皮毛; 棕灰色; 拼命工作的人
参考例句:
  • In 1928 some porpoises were photographed working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress. 1928年有人把这些海豚象海狸那样把一床浸泡了水的褥垫推上岸时的情景拍摄了下来。
  • Thus do the beavers, thus do the bees, thus do men. 海狸是这样做的,蜜蜂是这样做的,人也是这样做的。
5 derived 6cddb7353e699051a384686b6b3ff1e2     
vi.起源;由来;衍生;导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取
参考例句:
  • Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 overlap tKixw     
v.重叠,与…交叠;n.重叠
参考例句:
  • The overlap between the jacket and the trousers is not good.夹克和裤子重叠的部分不好看。
  • Tiles overlap each other.屋瓦相互叠盖。
7 juvenile OkEy2     
n.青少年,少年读物;adj.青少年的,幼稚的
参考例句:
  • For a grown man he acted in a very juvenile manner.身为成年人,他的行为举止显得十分幼稚。
  • Juvenile crime is increasing at a terrifying rate.青少年犯罪正在以惊人的速度增长。
8 burrow EsazA     
vt.挖掘(洞穴);钻进;vi.挖洞;翻寻;n.地洞
参考例句:
  • Earthworms burrow deep into the subsoil.蚯蚓深深地钻进底土。
  • The dog had chased a rabbit into its burrow.狗把兔子追进了洞穴。
9 burrows 6f0e89270b16e255aa86501b6ccbc5f3     
n.地洞( burrow的名词复数 )v.挖掘(洞穴),挖洞( burrow的第三人称单数 );翻寻
参考例句:
  • The intertidal beach unit contains some organism burrows. 潮间海滩单元含有一些生物潜穴。 来自辞典例句
  • A mole burrows its way through the ground. 鼹鼠会在地下钻洞前进。 来自辞典例句
10 disperse ulxzL     
vi.使分散;使消失;vt.分散;驱散
参考例句:
  • The cattle were swinging their tails to disperse the flies.那些牛甩动着尾巴驱赶苍蝇。
  • The children disperse for the holidays.孩子们放假了。
11 salute rYzx4     
vi.行礼,致意,问候,放礼炮;vt.向…致意,迎接,赞扬;n.招呼,敬礼,礼炮
参考例句:
  • Merchant ships salute each other by dipping the flag.商船互相点旗致敬。
  • The Japanese women salute the people with formal bows in welcome.这些日本妇女以正式的鞠躬向人们施礼以示欢迎。
12 adept EJIyO     
adj.老练的,精通的
参考例句:
  • When it comes to photography,I'm not an adept.要说照相,我不是内行。
  • He was highly adept at avoiding trouble.他十分善于避开麻烦。
13 flip Vjwx6     
vt.快速翻动;轻抛;轻拍;n.轻抛;adj.轻浮的
参考例句:
  • I had a quick flip through the book and it looked very interesting.我很快翻阅了一下那本书,看来似乎很有趣。
  • Let's flip a coin to see who pays the bill.咱们来抛硬币决定谁付钱。
14 flipping b69cb8e0c44ab7550c47eaf7c01557e4     
讨厌之极的
参考例句:
  • I hate this flipping hotel! 我讨厌这个该死的旅馆!
  • Don't go flipping your lid. 别发火。

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