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科学美国人60秒 SSS 软件可以检测出老鼠的吱吱叫声

时间:2020-02-25 02:50:40

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American 60-second Science, I'm Lucy Huang.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是露西·黄。

Mice and rats vocalize. To us, many of the sounds they make are ultrasonic1—at too high a frequency to hear. But if we slow the calls down, they sound like squeaks3. And not all squeaks are the same. The sounds that rodents5 make when they are excited versus6 disappointed can be quite different.

小老鼠和大老鼠都会发声。对我们来说,它们发出的许多声音都是超声波——因频率过高而听不见。但如果我们将它们的叫声放慢,听起来就像是吱吱声。并不是所有的吱吱声都是一样的。老鼠在兴奋和失望时发出的声音可能截然不同。

For example, here's slowed-down audio of a rat drinking sugar water.

例如,这是大老鼠喝糖水时所发出声音的慢放音频。

(Rat squeak2 clip)

(老鼠吱吱叫的声音)

But this rat (different squeak) got played—it got non-sweetened water after becoming accustomed to sugar water.

但这只大老鼠(不同的吱吱声)被耍了——在它习惯了糖水之后,研究人员给了它无糖水。

"Calls around 22 kilohertz are usually associated with unhappy affect and calls around 55 kilohertz are happy affect."

“约22千赫的叫声通常与不快乐的情绪有关,而约55千赫的叫声表明的是快乐情绪。”

John Neumaier, a professor of psychiatry7 and pharmacology at the University of Washington.

华盛顿大学心理学和药物学教授约翰·纽迈尔说到。

"So if you tickle8 a rat, it puts out a lot of 55 calls. If we give them a sucrose solution, then they put out a lot of calls at 55 kilohertz."

“因此,如果让大老鼠开心,它会发出很多55千赫的叫声。如果我们给它们蔗糖溶液,它们就会发出大量55千赫的叫声。”

Being able to interpret these different calls can help researchers understand the rodent4's emotional state—which could affect the results of experiments on the animals.

能够理解这些不同叫声可以帮助研究人员了解老鼠的情绪状态,而情绪可能会影响动物实验的结果。

Of course, listening to rodents in real time eats up resources. To code one hour of a recording9,

当然,实时聆听老鼠的叫声会消耗资源。要为一个小时的录音编码,

"It takes 10 hours, you know, because you have to slow these recordings10 down in order to be able to listen to them."

“需要花费10个小时,因为必须放慢录音速度才能听见。”

To automate11 the process, Neumaier's associates, Kevin Coffey and Russell Marx, used machine algorithms originally designed for self-driving cars to develop software that they call DeepSqueak. The program takes recordings of rodent squeaks and plots them by frequency and intensity12. By transforming the audio to a visual representation,

为了实现这一过程的自动化,纽迈尔的同事凯文·科菲和拉塞尔·马克思使用了最初为自动驾驶汽车设计的算法,来开发他们称之为DeepSqueak的软件。该程序记录老鼠吱吱叫的声音,并根据频率和强度绘制图表。通过将声音转化为视觉表现,

"They were able to train the computer network to recognize what ultrasonic vocalization looks like and then to easily tell them apart from other kinds of noise."

“他们能够训练计算机网络识别超声波发声的样子,之后轻松地将其与其他种类的声音区分开来。”

The description of DeepSqueak is in the journal Neuropsychopharmacology.

他们对DeepSqueak软件的描述发表在《神经心理药物学》期刊上。

The researchers have made the software available to any other scientists working with rodents who could use this kind of analysis.

研究人员已将该软件开放给研究啮齿动物的其他科学家,他们可能会用到这种分析方法。

"In my mind it will democratize this kind of research so that people can afford to do it, because it's been a huge barrier."

“在我看来,这将使这类研究民主化,让人们能负担得起这种研究,因为这一直是巨大的障碍。”

(Squeak noises)

(吱吱叫的声音)

Thank for listening for Scientific American 60-second Science, I'm Lucy Huang.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是露西·黄。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 ultrasonic VlHwf     
adj.超声的;n.超声波
参考例句:
  • It was very necessary for people to take type-B ultrasonic inspection regularly.定期进行B超检查是十分必要的。
  • Sounds are classified into two kinds: sonic and ultrasonic.声波分为两类,即普通声波与超声波。
2 squeak 4Gtzo     
n.吱吱声,逃脱;v.(发出)吱吱叫,侥幸通过;(俚)告密
参考例句:
  • I don't want to hear another squeak out of you!我不想再听到你出声!
  • We won the game,but it was a narrow squeak.我们打赢了这场球赛,不过是侥幸取胜。
3 squeaks c0a1b34e42c672513071d8eeca8c1186     
n.短促的尖叫声,吱吱声( squeak的名词复数 )v.短促地尖叫( squeak的第三人称单数 );吱吱叫;告密;充当告密者
参考例句:
  • The upper-middle-classes communicate with each other in inaudible squeaks, like bats. 那些上中层社会的人交谈起来象是蚊子在哼哼,你根本听不见。 来自辞典例句
  • She always squeaks out her ideas when she is excited. 她一激动总是尖声说出自己的想法。 来自互联网
4 rodent DsNyh     
n.啮齿动物;adj.啮齿目的
参考例句:
  • When there is a full moon,this nocturnal rodent is careful to stay in its burrow.月圆之夜,这种夜间活动的啮齿类动物会小心地呆在地洞里不出来。
  • This small rodent can scoop out a long,narrow tunnel in a very short time.这种小啮齿动物能在很短的时间里挖出一条又长又窄的地道来。
5 rodents 1ff5f0f12f2930e77fb620b1471a2124     
n.啮齿目动物( rodent的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Rodents carry diseases and are generally regarded as pests. 啮齿目动物传播疾病,常被当作害虫对待。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Some wild rodents in Africa also harbor the virus. 在非洲,有些野生啮齿动物也是储毒者。 来自辞典例句
6 versus wi7wU     
prep.以…为对手,对;与…相比之下
参考例句:
  • The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
  • The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
7 psychiatry g0Jze     
n.精神病学,精神病疗法
参考例句:
  • The study appeared in the Amercian science Journal of Psychiatry.这个研究发表在美国精神病学的杂志上。
  • A physician is someone who specializes in psychiatry.精神病专家是专门从事精神病治疗的人。
8 tickle 2Jkzz     
v.搔痒,胳肢;使高兴;发痒;n.搔痒,发痒
参考例句:
  • Wilson was feeling restless. There was a tickle in his throat.威尔逊只觉得心神不定。嗓子眼里有些发痒。
  • I am tickle pink at the news.听到这消息我高兴得要命。
9 recording UktzJj     
n.录音,记录
参考例句:
  • How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间?
  • I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。
10 recordings 22f9946cd05973582e73e4e3c0239bb7     
n.记录( recording的名词复数 );录音;录像;唱片
参考例句:
  • a boxed set of original recordings 一套盒装原声录音带
  • old jazz recordings reissued on CD 以激光唱片重新发行的老爵士乐
11 automate oPLyy     
v.自动化;使自动化
参考例句:
  • Many banks have begun to automate.许多银行已开始采用自动化技术。
  • To automate the control process of the lathes has become very easy today.使机床的控制过程自动化现已变得很容易了。
12 intensity 45Ixd     
n.强烈,剧烈;强度;烈度
参考例句:
  • I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。
  • The strike is growing in intensity.罢工日益加剧。

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