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科学美国人60秒 SSS 室温低可能会降低女性工作效率

时间:2020-03-17 02:26:03

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

A few years ago scientists determined1 that our thermostats3 are sexist—namely, that office climates had been optimized4 for a hypothetical roomful of 40-year-old, 150-pound men, using standards developed more than 50 years ago. And that ends up leaving a lot of women in the cold.

几年前,科学家认定我们的恒温器存在性别歧视——也就是说,办公室温度采用了50多年前制定的标准,是为假设一屋子里全是40岁、150磅重的男性进行的优化。而这最终会让很多女性感到寒冷。

"It's called the battle of the thermostat2, right?" Tom Chang, a behavioral economist5 at the USC Marshall School of Business. He says it goes beyond comfort for women: "It seems that it's not just a matter of comfort, but it also affects their productivity."

“这被称为恒温器之战,对吧?”南加州大学马歇尔商学院的行为经济学家汤姆·张说到。他表示,这不仅与女性的舒适度有关:“它似乎不只是舒适度的问题,还会影响她们的工作效率。”

Chang and his colleague tested that link between temperature and performance by quizzing 543 German students on basic addition skills and word scrambles6 in rooms that varied7 from 60 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit8.

张和同事在60到90华氏度的房间里对543名德国学生进行了基本加法技能和单词组合测验,以此来测试室温与表现之间的关系。

"And if you went from the low 60s to the mid-70s, you saw an increase in female performance of almost 15 percent, one five not five zero, which I found remarkably9 large—that's much larger than I had expected." The effects tapered10 off after the mid-70s. But men, on the other hand, had a small decrease in performance—about 3 percent—as temperatures rose to the mid-70s. The results are in the journal PLoS One.

“如果室温从60度初头上调到75度,你会发现女性的表现提高了近15%,是15而不是50,我认这是巨大的增长——比我预想的大得多。”这种影响在75华氏度往上逐渐减弱。但另一方面,当室温提高到75度时,男性的表现只略有下降——大约3%。研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》期刊上。

And there's a chance these findings might explain things like disparities in test scores on the SAT.

这些发现也许可以解释SAT考试分数的差异。

"The longstanding gap in performance between high school boys and high school girls on the Math proportion of SATs is approximately 4 percent. So given the effect size we're finding, you know, that's 3 degrees' difference in indoor temperature." Still, he says, "I wouldn't go running off writing policy off of one study."

“长期以来,高中男生和女生在SAT数学考试中的成绩相差约4%。考虑到我们所发现的效应值,将室内温度调节3度就能完全消除这一差异。”但他仍然表示:“我不会因为一项研究就放弃撰写政策。”

But it seems Cynthia Nixon had the thermostat dialed in just right last year. The actor turned politician was preparing to debate Andrew Cuomo as they vied for the Democratic nomination11 for New York State's governor. Debate venues12 are usually kept pretty chilly13. But she requested a more balmy—and perhaps cognitively14 friendly—76 degrees.

不过,辛西娅·尼克松似乎就在去年调节了恒温器。这位演员出身的政治家当时正准备与安德鲁·科莫进行辩论,以争夺纽约州州长的民主党提名。辩论场所的温度总是很低。但她要求的是更为温暖——或许也是认知友好的——76华氏度。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
2 thermostat PGhyb     
n.恒温器
参考例句:
  • The thermostat is connected by a link to the carburetor.恒温控制器是由一根连杆与汽化器相连的。
  • The temperature is controlled by electronic thermostat with high accuracy.电子恒温器,准确性高。
3 thermostats c813adaaae323a2d169db68d50faf5c2     
n.恒温(调节)器( thermostat的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • This is the basic operating principle of many thermostats. 这是许多恒温箱的基本工作原理。 来自辞典例句
  • Thermostats can be used to regulate the temperature of a room. 恒温器可用来调节室内温度。 来自辞典例句
4 optimized 81c61ac8ff2adb570ce4c7e7dfed59bd     
adj.最佳化的,(使)最优化的v.使最优化,使尽可能有效( optimize的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • We are often asked whether consumer Web sites should be optimized for beginners or intermediates. 我们常常被问到这样的问题:消费类网站究竟应该为新手而优化,还是应该为中间用户而优化? 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
  • GOOGLE Advertising optimized sequence, greatly increasing the advertising effect. 优化了GOOGLE广告位排列顺序,大大增加了广告效果。 来自互联网
5 economist AuhzVs     
n.经济学家,经济专家,节俭的人
参考例句:
  • He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
  • He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家,自以为什么都懂。
6 scrambles 897debfbc1dc16dec3f2dd3922788177     
n.抢夺( scramble的名词复数 )v.快速爬行( scramble的第三人称单数 );攀登;争夺;(军事飞机)紧急起飞
参考例句:
  • The breaking of symmetry scrambles the underlying order of nature. 对称性的破坏会打乱自然界的根本秩序。 来自互联网
  • The move comes as Japan scrambles for ways to persuade women to have more babies. 这一行动的出现正值日本政府想尽各种办法鼓励妇女多生育孩子。 来自互联网
7 varied giIw9     
adj.多样的,多变化的
参考例句:
  • The forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。
  • The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。
8 Fahrenheit hlhx9     
n./adj.华氏温度;华氏温度计(的)
参考例句:
  • He was asked for the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit.他被问到水的沸点是华氏多少度。
  • The thermometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.寒暑表指出华氏80度。
9 remarkably EkPzTW     
ad.不同寻常地,相当地
参考例句:
  • I thought she was remarkably restrained in the circumstances. 我认为她在那种情况下非常克制。
  • He made a remarkably swift recovery. 他康复得相当快。
10 tapered 4c6737890eeff46eb8dd48dc0b94b563     
adj. 锥形的,尖削的,楔形的,渐缩的,斜的 动词taper的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • The tail tapered to a rounded tip. 尾部越来越细,最后成了个圆尖。
  • The organization tapered off in about half a year. 那个组织大约半年内就逐渐消失了。
11 nomination BHMxw     
n.提名,任命,提名权
参考例句:
  • John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
  • Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。
12 venues c277c9611f0a0f19beb3658245ac305f     
n.聚集地点( venue的名词复数 );会场;(尤指)体育比赛场所;犯罪地点
参考例句:
  • The band will be playing at 20 different venues on their UK tour. 这个乐队在英国巡回演出期间将在20个不同的地点演出。
  • Farmers market corner, 800 meters long, 60 meters wide livestock trading venues. 农牧市场东北角,有长800米,宽60米的牲畜交易场地。 来自互联网
13 chilly pOfzl     
adj.凉快的,寒冷的
参考例句:
  • I feel chilly without a coat.我由于没有穿大衣而感到凉飕飕的。
  • I grew chilly when the fire went out.炉火熄灭后,寒气逼人。
14 cognitively d28af4705de1f9218cb8ba1d5bdf8372     
参考例句:
  • Cognitively,man,the subject of cognition,must classify and categorize the objects. 从认知学角度来看 ,作为认知主体的人对于认知对象必须进行分类和范畴化。 来自互联网
  • Cognitively, reference can be studied along with information processing of human mind. 从认知的角度看,要研究人类思维的信息处理过程。 来自互联网

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