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科学美国人60秒 SSS 科学家鼓励其他女科学家多多提问

时间:2020-04-14 02:49:08

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

If you attend science conferences, ever pay attention to who in the audience asks questions? Geneticist Natalie Telis did. And she noticed something... off. "For the entire first day of the conference, I was the only woman to ask a question. And I thought, wow, that's kind of weird1, right?"

So, being a scientist, she decided2 to systematically3 study who asks questions at scientific conferences. Together with colleagues at Stanford University, where she was based at the time, and others at Emory University in Atlanta, she recorded more than 2,000 questions from hundreds of talks at eight different scientific conferences.

After assigning either male or female designations to question askers—which the researchers acknowledge in the paper doesn't fully4 capture the spectrum5 of gender6 identity—they found that women ask far fewer questions than a representative result based on their numbers. In fact: "You need about 85 to 90 percent of your room to be women before 50 percent of your questions come from women."

But Telis did identify a possible solution. Halfway7 through the Biology of Genomes conference in 2015, Telis started tweeting some of her preliminary findings about how few women had been asking questions compared to their relative numbers at the meeting. That information sparked a public discussion—and a policy change from the conference organizers, who instituted a new rule that the first question at every talk had to come from a scientist still working towards her PhD, in the hope that the approach would produce a more diverse set of question-askers. And it worked.

"Before our intervention8, about 11 percent of questions came from women, which is one third of what you'd expect. After our intervention, you get more like 35 percent of questions coming from women. It's actually what you'd expect from that audience."

The analysis is in the American Journal of Human Genetics.

Telis says that strategy of simply publicizing the problem has been effective at other conferences too, getting more women to not only attend, but to participate in scientific conferences.

"A lot of women have messaged me and said, 'Oh, you know, I asked my first question at a conference when I saw this work,' or stuff like that. And I hope that means people are taking advantage of that incredible opportunity to really add their voice, not just their face in the conference photo, to that scientific community."

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

如果你参加过科学会议,那你有没有注意过观众中谁会提问?遗传学家娜塔莉·泰利斯注意了。她留意到了某些缺失的东西。“在整个第一天的会议中,我是唯一一个提问的女性。我当时想,哇哦,这有点奇怪,对吧?”

因此,作为一名科学家,她决定系统地研究谁会在科学会议上提问。她与当时所在的斯坦福大学的同事以及亚特兰大埃默里大学的研究人员一起,记录了8个科学会议上数百个对话中涉及的2000余个提问。

在给提问者指定男性或女性标志后,研究人员在报告中承认,他们没能充分捕捉到性别认同的范围——他们发现,女性的提问数量少于基于女性数量的代表性结果。事实上:“需要观众中有85%到90%都是女性,才能实现50%的问题来自女性。”

但泰利斯确实找到了一个可能的解决方案。2015年基因组生物学大会过半时,泰利斯开始在推特上发表她的一些初步发现,即与参加会议的女性相对人数相比,女性的提问数量有多少。这一信息引发了公众讨论——该会议组织者改变了政策,他们制定了一个新规则,要求每场对话的第一个提问必须来自仍在攻读博士学位的女科学家,希望这种方法能催生更多样的提问者。而该方法的确有效。

“我们介入之前,大约11%的提问来自女性。这是期望值的三分之一。而在我们干预之后,来自女性的提问增加到了35%。这确实是你对观众的期望。”

这项分析发表在《美国人类遗传学杂志》上。

泰利斯表示,简单地公开问题这种策略对其他会议同样奏效,能让更多的女性不仅参加,而且参与到科学会议中。

“很多女性给我发信息说,‘哦,我看到这篇研究后,在会议上提出了我的第一个问题’,或者类似的话。我希望这意味着人们正在利用这个不可思议的机会,真正地向科学界增加他们的声音,而不仅仅是在会议照片中增加面孔。”

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 weird bghw8     
adj.古怪的,离奇的;怪诞的,神秘而可怕的
参考例句:
  • From his weird behaviour,he seems a bit of an oddity.从他不寻常的行为看来,他好像有点怪。
  • His weird clothes really gas me.他的怪衣裳简直笑死人。
2 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
3 systematically 7qhwn     
adv.有系统地
参考例句:
  • This government has systematically run down public services since it took office.这一屆政府自上台以来系统地削减了公共服务。
  • The rainforest is being systematically destroyed.雨林正被系统地毀灭。
4 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
5 spectrum Trhy6     
n.谱,光谱,频谱;范围,幅度,系列
参考例句:
  • This is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
  • We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成,我们已了解不少。
6 gender slSyD     
n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
参考例句:
  • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
  • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
7 halfway Xrvzdq     
adj.中途的,不彻底的,部分的;adv.半路地,在中途,在半途
参考例句:
  • We had got only halfway when it began to get dark.走到半路,天就黑了。
  • In study the worst danger is give up halfway.在学习上,最忌讳的是有始无终。
8 intervention e5sxZ     
n.介入,干涉,干预
参考例句:
  • The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
  • Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

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