在线英语听力室

科学美国人60秒 SSS Waiter, What's This Worm Doing in My Sushi?

时间:2020-05-06 08:36:51

搜索关注在线英语听力室公众号:tingroom,领取免费英语资料大礼包。

(单词翻译)

Well, it’s probably there because the odds1 on its presence have gone way up in the past 40 years. But such parasites3 are still much more of a health problem for whales and dolphins than they are for us.

Full Transcript4 

I’m a big fan of sushi and ceviche, so I was alarmed to see the headline on a recent news release from the University of Washington stating that “‘sushi parasites’ have increased 283-fold in past 40 years.”

But after digging into the research, which came out of a marine5 ecology lab run by Chelsea Wood at UW’s Seattle campus, I learned that the rising abundance of marine worms known as anisakids is actually less of a problem for people than it is for whales and dolphins, which are the natural hosts infected by these parasites.

Wood’s team did what’s known as a meta-analysis. They collected data from 123 papers published over the past half-century that estimated parasite2 abundance in various species at sites all over the world between 1967 and 2017.

Their analysis, published last month in the journal Global Change Biology, found that since 1978, when less than one worm was seen in every 100 host animals on average, the prevalence of anisakid parasite infection has skyrocketed to the point that more than one worm is now typically seen in every host animal examined in 2015. [Evan A. Fiorenza et al., It’s a wormy world: Meta-analysis reveals several decades of change in the global abundance of the parasitic6 nematodes Anisakis spp. and Pseudoterranova spp. in marine fishes and invertebrates]

Anisakid worms grow in the guts8 of whales, spread to krill through the whales’ poop and then move up the food chain to squid and small fish like anchovies9, then to big fish like salmon10, tuna, and halibut and, finally, to humans.

In the U.S. and most parts of Europe, fish and squid served raw must first be frozen to kill the nematodes and their larvae11, which are big enough to see with the naked eye. And even if you’re unlucky enough to eat live anisakid larvae in your sushi, ceviche, or gravlax, you’ll probably be fine. The worms rarely survive long in the human gut7 to cause anisakiasis, which typically involves abdominal12 pain and vomiting13.

The condition seems to be most common in Spain due to Spaniards fondness for raw anchovies. Experts estimate there are roughly 8,000 cases a year in Spain—that works out to about one illness for every 10,000 meals of raw fish eaten.

Chelsea Wood says the findings haven’t put her off eating sushi. Her concern is that the rising abundance of anisakids might be harming the dolphins and whales that these parasites evolved to infect and grow inside for years. She notes that there are millions of species of parasites in the ocean, and we know very little about which ones are becoming more common. The epidemiology of the oceans is still in its infancy14.

—W. Wayt Gibbs

[The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]


分享到:


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 odds n5czT     
n.让步,机率,可能性,比率;胜败优劣之别
参考例句:
  • The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
  • Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗?
2 parasite U4lzN     
n.寄生虫;寄生菌;食客
参考例句:
  • The lazy man was a parasite on his family.那懒汉是家里的寄生虫。
  • I don't want to be a parasite.I must earn my own way in life.我不想做寄生虫,我要自己养活自己。
3 parasites a8076647ef34cfbbf9d3cb418df78a08     
寄生物( parasite的名词复数 ); 靠他人为生的人; 诸虫
参考例句:
  • These symptoms may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites. 这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的,而与寄生虫无关。
  • Kangaroos harbor a vast range of parasites. 袋鼠身上有各种各样的寄生虫。
4 transcript JgpzUp     
n.抄本,誊本,副本,肄业证书
参考例句:
  • A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
  • They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。
5 marine 77Izo     
adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵
参考例句:
  • Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
  • When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
6 parasitic 7Lbxx     
adj.寄生的
参考例句:
  • Will global warming mean the spread of tropical parasitic diseases?全球变暖是否意味着热带寄生虫病会蔓延呢?
  • By definition,this way of life is parasitic.从其含义来说,这是种寄生虫的生活方式。
7 gut MezzP     
n.[pl.]胆量;内脏;adj.本能的;vt.取出内脏
参考例句:
  • It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
  • My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。
8 guts Yraziv     
v.狼吞虎咽,贪婪地吃,飞碟游戏(比赛双方每组5人,相距15码,互相掷接飞碟);毁坏(建筑物等)的内部( gut的第三人称单数 );取出…的内脏n.勇气( gut的名词复数 );内脏;消化道的下段;肠
参考例句:
  • I'll only cook fish if the guts have been removed. 鱼若已收拾干净,我只需烧一下即可。
  • Barbara hasn't got the guts to leave her mother. 巴巴拉没有勇气离开她妈妈。 来自《简明英汉词典》
9 anchovies anchovies     
n. 鯷鱼,凤尾鱼
参考例句:
  • a pizza topped with cheese and anchovies 奶酪鳀鱼比萨饼
  • Pesto, mozzarella, parma ham, sun dried tomatoes, egg, anchovies. 核桃香蒜,马苏里拉,巴马火腿,干番茄,鸡蛋,咸鱼。
10 salmon pClzB     
n.鲑,大马哈鱼,橙红色的
参考例句:
  • We saw a salmon jumping in the waterfall there.我们看见一条大马哈鱼在那边瀑布中跳跃。
  • Do you have any fresh salmon in at the moment?现在有新鲜大马哈鱼卖吗?
11 larvae w2CxP     
n.幼虫
参考例句:
  • Larvae are parasitic on sheep.幼虫寄生在绵羊的身上。
  • The larvae prey upon small aphids.这种幼虫以小蚜虫为食。
12 abdominal VIUya     
adj.腹(部)的,下腹的;n.腹肌
参考例句:
  • The abdominal aorta is normally smaller than the thoracic aorta.腹主动脉一般比胸主动脉小。
  • Abdominal tissues sometimes adhere after an operation.手术之后腹部有时会出现粘连。
13 vomiting 7ed7266d85c55ba00ffa41473cf6744f     
参考例句:
  • Symptoms include diarrhoea and vomiting. 症状有腹泻和呕吐。
  • Especially when I feel seasick, I can't stand watching someone else vomiting." 尤其晕船的时候,看不得人家呕。”
14 infancy F4Ey0     
n.婴儿期;幼年期;初期
参考例句:
  • He came to England in his infancy.他幼年时期来到英国。
  • Their research is only in its infancy.他们的研究处于初级阶段。

本文本内容来源于互联网抓取和网友提交,仅供参考,部分栏目没有内容,如果您有更合适的内容,欢迎 点击提交 分享给大家。