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科学美国人60秒 SSS 有魅力的年轻女性可能享有司法优势

时间:2020-05-06 09:04:30

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

Eight years ago, the jury in the trial of Casey Anthony announced their verdict. "As to the charge of first-degree murder, verdict as to count one, we the jury find the defendant1 not guilty."

八年前,审判凯西·安东尼的陪审团宣布了他们的判决。“对于一级谋杀的指控,罪状一的判决,我们陪审团认为被告无罪。”

Anthony had been charged with murdering her two-year-old daughter. But like the murder charge, the jury's decision for additional charges of aggravated2 child abuse and aggravated manslaughter were again "not guilty."

安东尼被控谋杀她两岁的女儿。但是,与谋杀指控一样,对严重虐待儿童以及严重过失杀人等附加指控,陪审团再次裁决“无罪”。

"That created this huge outcry." Christopher Ferguson, a clinical psychologist at Stetson University in central Florida, not far from where the trial occurred. "There was kind of like this narrative3 that she got preferential treatment, maybe not on purpose, but that the jury was more sympathetic to her because she was this pretty young female and that kind of conflicted with people's impression of who a murderer is."

“这引起了强烈的抗议。”斯泰森大学的临床心理学家克里斯托弗·弗格森说到,这所大学位于佛罗里达州中部,距离案发现场并不远。“有一种说法是,她得到了优待,可能不是故意的,但陪审团更同情她,因为她是那样一位漂亮又年轻的女性,她的形象与人们对杀人犯的印象不符。”

Mock trial studies have suggested that attractive people have an edge in the criminal justice system. So Ferguson and his colleagues l?ooked into that stereotype4 using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the largest long-term study of people who began participating in the study as teens.

模拟审判研究发现,有魅力的人在刑事司法体系中享有优势。因此,弗格森和同事利用青少年至成人健康国家纵向研究的数据来调查这种刻板印象,该研究是对从青少年时期就开始参与的人进行的规模最大的长期研究。

The interviewers asked the youths some multitude of questions—and also rated the respondents' degree of attractiveness, a measure that's been used to examine links to health and wealth.

调查人员询问了年轻人大量问题,并对回答者的吸引力进行评分,这是用于检查健康与财富关系的衡量法。

In this case, Ferguson and his team looked at a subset of nearly 8,800 respondents and examined the correlation5 between attractiveness and arrest, conviction and sentencing. After controlling for things like gender6, race and socioeconomic status, they found that attractiveness did have a protective effect—but only for females.

在此案中,弗格森和团队观察了近8800名回答者,并检查了吸引力与逮捕、定罪和判刑之间的关联。在控制了性别、种族和社会经济地位等变量后,他们发现,吸引力确实有保护作用——但只对女性有效。

"Girls or women who are more attractive were less likely to be arrested if they'd committed a crime and less likely to be convicted if they were arrested for that crime. However, it did not have any impact on their sentencing. So once they were convicted, attractiveness conveyed no further benefits." The results are in the journal Psychiatry7, Psychology8 and Law.

“更具吸引力的女孩或女性如果犯罪,被逮捕的可能性更小;她们如果因该罪行而被逮捕,那被定罪的可能性也较小。然而,这对判刑没有任何影响。因此,一旦被定罪,吸引力就不会带来更多好处。”研究结果发表在《精神病学、心理学和法律》期刊上。

It's just a correlation, of course, and there are limitations. The attractiveness ratings were an average of four different interviewers' assessments9, made over a dozen years. But beauty, as they say, is in the eyes of the beholder10. And the effects weren't huge. Still, Ferguson says, "being sort of alert to our stereotypes11 and prejudices sometimes can help us combat them a little bit" — and perhaps get us closer to the ideal that justice should be blind.

当然,这只是一种相关性,还存在一些局限。吸引力评分是由4名采访者在10多年间打出的评分的平均值。但正如他们所说,美存在于欣赏者的眼中。而且,影响也并不大。不过,弗格森说:“警惕我们的刻板印象和偏见,有时可以帮助我们稍微克服它们。”也许还能让我们更接近理想:司法应该是不讲情面的。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 defendant mYdzW     
n.被告;adj.处于被告地位的
参考例句:
  • The judge rejected a bribe from the defendant's family.法官拒收被告家属的贿赂。
  • The defendant was borne down by the weight of evidence.有力的证据使被告认输了。
2 aggravated d0aec1b8bb810b0e260cb2aa0ff9c2ed     
使恶化( aggravate的过去式和过去分词 ); 使更严重; 激怒; 使恼火
参考例句:
  • If he aggravated me any more I shall hit him. 假如他再激怒我,我就要揍他。
  • Far from relieving my cough, the medicine aggravated it. 这药非但不镇咳,反而使我咳嗽得更厉害。
3 narrative CFmxS     
n.叙述,故事;adj.叙事的,故事体的
参考例句:
  • He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
  • Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。
4 stereotype rupwE     
n.固定的形象,陈规,老套,旧框框
参考例句:
  • He's my stereotype of a schoolteacher.他是我心目中的典型教师。
  • There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen.人们对于成功商人一直都有一种固定印象。
5 correlation Rogzg     
n.相互关系,相关,关连
参考例句:
  • The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
  • A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。
6 gender slSyD     
n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
参考例句:
  • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
  • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
7 psychiatry g0Jze     
n.精神病学,精神病疗法
参考例句:
  • The study appeared in the Amercian science Journal of Psychiatry.这个研究发表在美国精神病学的杂志上。
  • A physician is someone who specializes in psychiatry.精神病专家是专门从事精神病治疗的人。
8 psychology U0Wze     
n.心理,心理学,心理状态
参考例句:
  • She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
  • He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
9 assessments 7d0657785d6e5832f8576c61c78262ef     
n.评估( assessment的名词复数 );评价;(应偿付金额的)估定;(为征税对财产所作的)估价
参考例句:
  • He was shrewd in his personal assessments. 他总能对人作出精明的评价。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Surveys show about two-thirds use such assessments, while half employ personality tests. 调查表明,约有三分之二的公司采用了这种测评;而一半的公司则采用工作人员个人品质测试。 来自百科语句
10 beholder 8y9zKl     
n.观看者,旁观者
参考例句:
  • Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 看起来觉得美就是美。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • It has been said that art is a tryst, for in the joy of it maker and beholder meet. 有人说艺术是一种幽会,因为艺术家和欣赏者可在幽会的乐趣中相遇在一起。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 stereotypes 1ff39410e7d7a101c62ac42c17e0df24     
n.老套,模式化的见解,有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化,使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
  • It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调,我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

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