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科学美国人60秒 SSS 真正的笑声会激发更多大笑

时间:2020-06-02 06:23:17

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Susanne Bard1.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是苏珊娜·巴德。

"I thought you were downstair boxing chocolates.""Oh, they kicked me out of there. I kept pinching them to see what kind they were."

“我以为你在楼下给巧克力装盒呢。”“哦,他们把我赶出来了。因为我总是捏巧克力,想看看是什么种类的。”

(CLIP: I Love Lucy with laugh track)

(上述音频来自美国情境喜剧《我爱露西》中的搞笑片段)

Laugh tracks in television shows like I Love Lucy have been encouraging us to chuckle2 since the 1950s. But they originated even before that with old radio shows.

自上世纪50年代以来,《我爱露西》等电视节目的笑声音轨一直在鼓励我们发笑。但在此之前,就有老广播节目开始播放喜剧了。

"If you just put out a comedy program on the radio, people didn't necessarily realize it was supposed to be funny. So they started recording3 them with a live audience because then people had all the cues that they would get if they were at the theaters, say—of an audience response. And, indeed, laughter can be highly contagious4."

“如果只是在电台播放喜剧节目,人们不一定认为这会很好笑。所以他们开始在录制时加入现场观众,因为这样人们就能获得在剧院中感受到的所有信息,比如现场观众的反应。而笑声确实可以有高度传染性。”

Sophie Scott is a cognitive5 neuroscientist at University College London. She and her team wondered whether adding laughter to a joke could also make it seem funnier. So they scoured6 the Internet for the most groan-worthy jokes they could find and enlisted7 the help of a professional comedian8 to record them.

伦敦大学学院的认知神经学家索菲·斯科特说到。她和团队想知道,在笑话中加入笑声是否也能使其更好笑。因此,他们在网上搜索他们能找到的最冷的笑话,并请专业喜剧演员帮忙录制。

"So things like 'What's the best day for cooking? Friday. How does a dinosaur9 pay its bills? Using tyrannosaurus checks,' that kind of thing. And then we got people to rate how funny they were without any laughter added."

“比如‘哪一天最适合做饭?星期五。’(注:Friday,音似fried day)。‘恐龙怎样支付账单?用霸王龙支票。’(Tyrannosaurus Chex指账单来时,收回手臂等别人付款的人。俗称蹭饭,霸王餐。)然后我们让人们在没有添加任何笑声的情况下为笑话的幽默程度打分。”

The researchers paired the jokes with both spontaneous, involuntary laughter and with laughter that had been produced on demand.

研究人员将这些笑话与自发的、不由自主的笑声以及按需产生的笑声进行配对。

"What do you get when you ask a lemon for help? (Lemon aid)"

“当你向柠檬求助时,你会得到什么?”(柠檬援助:音同lemonade柠檬水)

(CLIP: Lemonade joke with laughter)

(上述音频片段是配有笑声的柠檬水笑话)

They played these recordings10 to adults, some neurotypical and some on the spectrum11.

他们将这些录音播放给成年人听,有些成年人是非自闭症,有些是孤独症谱系障碍。

"The main thing that we found was that the people with autism and the neurotypical controls were both influenced by laughter in the same way. So everybody found that the more intense the laughter, the funnier that made the joke. So everybody's rating the jokes as even funnier when they're paired with spontaneous laughter."

“我们的主要发现是,自闭症患者和非自闭症对照组都能以同样的方式被笑声感染。因此,所有人都发现,加入的笑声越激烈,笑话就越好笑。所以,所有人都认为配自发笑声的笑话更好笑。”

That is, honest, involuntary laughter cued people to perceive the jokes as funnier more than fake, forced laughter did. And that result was universal: "I think we were expecting there to be some differences for the people with autism, and we did not find them."

也就是说,与虚假且不真诚的笑声相比,真诚且不由自主的笑声会让人们觉得笑话更好笑。这一结论普遍适用:“我们本来以为自闭症患者的反应会有些不同,但我们并未发现不同。”

But autistic participants did find the jokes funnier overall.

不过总体来说,自闭症患者确实认为这些笑话更好笑。

"And I think what we're seeing here is that the people with autism are more generous in their assessment12 of the jokes, I suspect, although that's just one interpretation13."

“我想我们在这里看到的是,自闭症患者对笑话的评价更慷慨,我怀疑如此,尽管这只是我们的一种解读。”

The study appears in the journal Current Biology.

这项研究发表在《当代生物学》期刊上。

In future laughter experiments, the researchers plan to scan participants' brains to better understand the neural14 systems responsible for tickling15 our funny bones. When they do, they may discover that dogs can't operate an MRI machine, but CAT scan.

在未来的笑声实验中,研究人员计划扫描参与者的大脑,以更好地了解负责让我们发笑的神经系统。当他们这样做时,他们可能会发现狗不能操作核磁共振成像仪,但是猫能。(CAT scan音同cats can,是计算机层析成像扫描的意思。)

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Susanne Bard.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是苏珊娜·巴德。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 bard QPCyM     
n.吟游诗人
参考例句:
  • I'll use my bard song to help you concentrate!我会用我的吟游诗人歌曲帮你集中精神!
  • I find him,the wandering grey bard.我发现了正在徘徊的衰老游唱诗人。
2 chuckle Tr1zZ     
vi./n.轻声笑,咯咯笑
参考例句:
  • He shook his head with a soft chuckle.他轻轻地笑着摇了摇头。
  • I couldn't suppress a soft chuckle at the thought of it.想到这个,我忍不住轻轻地笑起来。
3 recording UktzJj     
n.录音,记录
参考例句:
  • How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间?
  • I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。
4 contagious TZ0yl     
adj.传染性的,有感染力的
参考例句:
  • It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
  • He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。
5 cognitive Uqwz0     
adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的
参考例句:
  • As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大,他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
  • The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。
6 scoured ed55d3b2cb4a5db1e4eb0ed55b922516     
走遍(某地)搜寻(人或物)( scour的过去式和过去分词 ); (用力)刷; 擦净; 擦亮
参考例句:
  • We scoured the area for somewhere to pitch our tent. 我们四处查看,想找一个搭帐篷的地方。
  • The torrents scoured out a channel down the hill side. 急流沿着山腰冲刷出一条水沟。
7 enlisted 2d04964099d0ec430db1d422c56be9e2     
adj.应募入伍的v.(使)入伍, (使)参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 );获得(帮助或支持)
参考例句:
  • enlisted men and women 男兵和女兵
  • He enlisted with the air force to fight against the enemy. 他应募加入空军对敌作战。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
8 comedian jWfyW     
n.喜剧演员;滑稽演员
参考例句:
  • The comedian tickled the crowd with his jokes.喜剧演员的笑话把人们逗乐了。
  • The comedian enjoyed great popularity during the 30's.那位喜剧演员在三十年代非常走红。
9 dinosaur xuSxp     
n.恐龙
参考例句:
  • Are you trying to tell me that David was attacked by a dinosaur?你是想要告诉我大卫被一支恐龙所攻击?
  • He stared at the faithful miniature of the dinosaur.他凝视著精确的恐龙缩小模型。
10 recordings 22f9946cd05973582e73e4e3c0239bb7     
n.记录( recording的名词复数 );录音;录像;唱片
参考例句:
  • a boxed set of original recordings 一套盒装原声录音带
  • old jazz recordings reissued on CD 以激光唱片重新发行的老爵士乐
11 spectrum Trhy6     
n.谱,光谱,频谱;范围,幅度,系列
参考例句:
  • This is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
  • We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成,我们已了解不少。
12 assessment vO7yu     
n.评价;评估;对财产的估价,被估定的金额
参考例句:
  • This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
  • What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何?
13 interpretation P5jxQ     
n.解释,说明,描述;艺术处理
参考例句:
  • His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
  • Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。
14 neural DnXzFt     
adj.神经的,神经系统的
参考例句:
  • The neural network can preferably solve the non- linear problem.利用神经网络建模可以较好地解决非线性问题。
  • The information transmission in neural system depends on neurotransmitters.信息传递的神经途径有赖于神经递质。
15 tickling 8e56dcc9f1e9847a8eeb18aa2a8e7098     
反馈,回授,自旋挠痒法
参考例句:
  • Was It'spring tickling her senses? 是不是春意撩人呢?
  • Its origin is in tickling and rough-and-tumble play, he says. 他说,笑的起源来自于挠痒痒以及杂乱无章的游戏。

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