在线英语听力室

科学美国人60秒 SSS 珊瑚可以遗传共生适应气候变暖

时间:2020-08-04 03:06:27

搜索关注在线英语听力室公众号:tingroom,领取免费英语资料大礼包。

(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

A marine1 heatwave in 2016 killed off a full third of Australia's Great Barrier Reef, the largest coral reef system in the world.

2016年发生的海洋热浪杀死了澳大利亚三分之一的大堡礁,大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁系统。

"It's terrible watching your favorite ecosystems2 slowly die."

“看着自已最喜欢的生态系统慢慢死去非常可怕。”

Carly Kenkel is a marine biologist at the University of Southern California who studied that coral bleaching3 event. Bleaching occurs when the waters around corals become too cold, or too salty, or too hot—but mostly, too hot. And then, the symbiotic4 algae5 that live inside corals—which are photosynthetic6 food factories—abandon the corals. Which causes the corals to die.

南加州大学的海洋生物学家卡莉·肯克尔说到,她研究了珊瑚白化事件。当珊瑚周围的海水变得过冷、过咸或过热时,就会发生珊瑚白化现象,不过大多数情况下,珊瑚白化是由海水过热所致。之后,珊瑚礁体内的共生藻类,也就是进行光合作用的食物工厂,会抛弃珊瑚。这会导致珊瑚死亡。

"Because they're losing their nutritional7 source, so they're essentially8 starving to death."

“因为珊瑚失去了营养来源,所以它们基本上会饿死。”

But coral can house multiple species of algae—some more heat tolerant than others. So sometimes, in the face of stress, the hardier9 algae proliferate10. That change offsets11 the damage caused by the exodus12 of the more sensitive species... a process called "shuffling13."

但珊瑚可以容纳多种藻类,其中一些藻类比其他藻类更耐热。因此,有时在面对压力时,耐寒藻类会大量繁殖。这一变化抵消了更敏感物种大批离开所造成的破坏,这一过程被称为“调整”。

Kenkel and her colleagues studied shuffling in corals affected14 by the 2016 bleaching event, on the Great Barrier Reef. And they found that adult corals can actually pass those reshuffled algal residents along to their offspring, in their eggs—pointing to a possible way successive generations of coral could adapt to warmer waters.

肯克尔和同事研究了2016年大堡礁白化事件影响下的珊瑚调整。他们发现,成年珊瑚实际上可以将这些重组的藻类居民传给其卵中的后代,这表明存在一种可能方式,即一代又一代的珊瑚可以适应更温暖的海水。

"If your mom can kind of prime you for the environment that you might be experiencing, that presumably would improve your fitness." The details are in the journal Scientific Reports.

“如果你妈妈能让你对可能经历的环境有所准备,那可能会提高你的健康水平。”研究详情发表在《科学报告》期刊上。

So can this help corals beat back bleaching? "The pace of climate change and the frequency and intensity15 of these stress events is such that I don't think this is enough."

那这能帮助珊瑚击退白化现象吗?“因为气候变化速度如此之快,这些压力事件的频率和强度又如此之大,所以我认为这不足以击退白化现象。”

So in the face of so many threats, even this trick may fail to provide relief for the reef.

因此,面对如此多的威胁,即使是这种方法也可能无法减轻珊瑚礁的压力。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


分享到:


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 marine 77Izo     
adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵
参考例句:
  • Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
  • When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
2 ecosystems 94cb0e40a815bea1157ac8aab9a5380d     
n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样,从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句
3 bleaching c8f59fe090b4d03ec300145821501bd3     
漂白法,漂白
参考例句:
  • Moderately weathered rock showed more intense bleaching and fissuring in the feldspars. 中等风化岩石则是指长石有更为强烈的变白现象和裂纹现象。
  • Bleaching effects are very strong and show on air photos. 退色效应非常强烈,并且反映在航空象片上。
4 symbiotic FrbwR     
adj.共栖的,共生的
参考例句:
  • Racing has always had a symbiotic relationship with betting.赛马总是与赌博相挂钩。
  • Engineering completely new symbiotic relationship is obviously not an imminent possibility.筹划完全新的共生关系显然是可能性不大。
5 algae tK6yW     
n.水藻,海藻
参考例句:
  • Most algae live in water.多数藻类生长在水中。
  • Algae grow and spread quickly in the lake.湖中水藻滋蔓。
6 photosynthetic 1f9a8b17a4e53d9a4fd0ed5147e2f5bd     
adj.光合的,促进光合作用的
参考例句:
  • In some plants photosynthetic products are stored in the form polyfructosans. 在有些植物中,光合作用产物是以多聚果糖的形式储藏。
  • Chlorotic or necrotic lesions were evidence of decreased photosynthetic tissues. 缺绿的或坏死的侵蚀斑便是减少了光合组织的证据。
7 nutritional 4HRxN     
adj.营养的,滋养的
参考例句:
  • A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。
  • The labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional content.食品上的标签提供很多关于营养成分的信息。
8 essentially nntxw     
adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
参考例句:
  • Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
  • She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
9 hardier fcf70bcabb392c207431e8f36824a930     
能吃苦耐劳的,坚强的( hardy的比较级 ); (植物等)耐寒的
参考例句:
  • Theoretically, experiments with genes that confer resistance to disease or herbicides could create hardier weeds. 从理论上说,用含有抗病或抗除草剂的基因进行试验,可能产生更难于对付的杂草。
  • Similar fruit to Black Mission, but hardier and a smaller size tree than Mission. 类似加洲黑,但比加洲黑强壮,果比加洲黑更小的尺寸。
10 proliferate uisyE     
vi.激增,(迅速)繁殖,增生
参考例句:
  • We must not proliferate nuclear arms.我们决不能扩散核武器。
  • Rabbits proliferate when they have plenty of food.兔子有充足的食物就会繁衍得很快。
11 offsets 831bd6d82461a6164f50e583f8749188     
n.开端( offset的名词复数 );出发v.抵消( offset的第三人称单数 );补偿;(为了比较的目的而)把…并列(或并置);为(管道等)装支管
参考例句:
  • The following paragraphs deal with intra-source offsets and the so-called \"bubble\" concept. 下面讨论污染源内部的补偿和所谓的“泡泡”概念。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • The preceding paragraphs were concerned with inter-source offsets. 前文牵涉到污染源之间的补偿。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
12 exodus khnzj     
v.大批离去,成群外出
参考例句:
  • The medical system is facing collapse because of an exodus of doctors.由于医生大批离去,医疗系统面临崩溃。
  • Man's great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet.人在当前所遇到的最大挑战,就是要防止人从这个星球上消失。
13 shuffling 03b785186d0322e5a1a31c105fc534ee     
adj. 慢慢移动的, 滑移的 动词shuffle的现在分词形式
参考例句:
  • Don't go shuffling along as if you were dead. 别像个死人似地拖着脚走。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
  • Some one was shuffling by on the sidewalk. 外面的人行道上有人拖着脚走过。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
14 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
15 intensity 45Ixd     
n.强烈,剧烈;强度;烈度
参考例句:
  • I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。
  • The strike is growing in intensity.罢工日益加剧。

本文本内容来源于互联网抓取和网友提交,仅供参考,部分栏目没有内容,如果您有更合适的内容,欢迎 点击提交 分享给大家。