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科学美国人60秒 SSS 全球科学简报(2)

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Hi, I'm Scientific American podcast editor Steve Mirsky. And here's a short piece from the October 2019 issue of the magazine, in the section called Advances: Dispatches from the Frontiers of Science, Technology and Medicine.

The article is titled "Quick Hits," and it's a rundown of some science and technology stories from around the globe, compiled by editorial intern1 Jennifer Leman.

From India:

Wildlife biologists found that adolescent male Asian elephants, usually solitary2, are forming large, all-male herds3, possibly to help them survive in human-dominated areas.

From Guatemala:

Archaeologists studying charred4 lake sediments5 found evidence confirming a cryptic6 historical record saying the ancient Mayan city of Bahlam Jol burned on May 21, 697 A.D. The research indicates it was an act of war, which included civilian7 aswell as military targets.

From Hong Kong:

Hong Kong's government revealed plans to build an artificial island to alleviate8 the nation's housing crisis, but that triggering concerns from activists9 and residents about nearby marine10 ecosystems11.

From Papua New Guinea:

The government of Papua New Guinea aims to build more than 3,700 miles of road through its rugged12 landscape by 2022, which a team of scientists cautioned could impact species across the country.

From Australia:

Researchers rediscovered two fern species—both thought to be extinct—on the mountaintops of Queensland. Hymenophyllum whitei and Oreogrammitis leonardii had last been spotted13 in the wild more than 50 years ago.

From Brazil:

President Jair Bolsonaro fired the head of the Brazilian National Institute of Space Research after the agency reported that deforestation in the Amazon this summer increased significantly from 2018. And that will solve the problem.

That was Quick Hits, by Jennifer Leman.

大家好,我是《科学美国人》播客编辑史蒂夫·米尔斯基。下面是本杂志2019年10月刊的一篇短文,摘自“进展:科学、技术和医学前沿快报”版块。

这篇文章名为《要闻快讯》,汇集了全球各地科学和技术新闻报道的摘要,由实习编辑詹妮弗·莱曼汇总。

印度:

野生动物生物学家发现,通常独居的青春期雄性亚洲象,正在形成庞大的全雄性群体,这可能是为了帮助它们在人类主导的地区生存。

危地马拉:

研究烧焦的湖泊沉积物的考古学家发现了证据,证实了玛雅古城巴赫拉姆在公元697年5月21日被烧毁这一秘密历史记录。研究表明,这是一种战争行为,涵盖民用目标和军事目标。

中国香港特区:

中国香港特区政府公布了建造人工岛以缓解住房危机的计划,但这引发了活动人士和居民对附近海洋生态系统的担忧。

巴布亚新几内亚:

巴布新几内亚政府计划到2022年在其崎岖地形上修建超过3700英里的公路,但一个科学家团队警告称,这可能会对该国各地的物种产生影响。

澳大利亚:

研究人员在昆士兰山顶上再次发现了两种被认为已经灭绝的蕨类物种。人们上一次发现Hymenophyllum whitei和Oreogrammitis leonardii这两种蕨类是在50多年前。

巴西:

巴西总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗解雇了巴西国家太空研究院院长,此前,该研究院报告称,今年夏天亚马逊地区的森林砍伐情况较2018年大幅增加。此举将解决问题。

以上是詹妮弗·莱曼汇总的《要闻快讯》。


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1 intern 25BxJ     
v.拘禁,软禁;n.实习生
参考例句:
  • I worked as an intern in that firm last summer.去年夏天我在那家商行实习。
  • The intern bandaged the cut as the nurse looked on.这位实习生在护士的照看下给病人包扎伤口。
2 solitary 7FUyx     
adj.孤独的,独立的,荒凉的;n.隐士
参考例句:
  • I am rather fond of a solitary stroll in the country.我颇喜欢在乡间独自徜徉。
  • The castle rises in solitary splendour on the fringe of the desert.这座城堡巍然耸立在沙漠的边际,显得十分壮美。
3 herds 0a162615f6eafc3312659a54a8cdac0f     
兽群( herd的名词复数 ); 牧群; 人群; 群众
参考例句:
  • Regularly at daybreak they drive their herds to the pasture. 每天天一亮他们就把牲畜赶到草场上去。
  • There we saw herds of cows grazing on the pasture. 我们在那里看到一群群的牛在草地上吃草。
4 charred 2d03ad55412d225c25ff6ea41516c90b     
v.把…烧成炭( char的过去式);烧焦
参考例句:
  • the charred remains of a burnt-out car 被烧焦的轿车残骸
  • The intensity of the explosion is recorded on the charred tree trunks. 那些烧焦的树干表明爆炸的强烈。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 sediments 8b3acb612b624abdf2c2881bc6928565     
沉淀物( sediment的名词复数 ); 沉积物
参考例句:
  • When deposited, 70-80% of the volume of muddy sediments may be water. 泥质沉积物沉积后,体积的70-80%是水。
  • Oligocene erosion had truncated the sediments draped over the dome. 覆盖于穹丘上的沉积岩为渐新世侵蚀所截削。
6 cryptic yyDxu     
adj.秘密的,神秘的,含义模糊的
参考例句:
  • She made a cryptic comment about how the film mirrored her life.她隐晦地表示说这部电影是她人生的写照。
  • The new insurance policy is written without cryptic or mysterious terms.新的保险单在编写时没有隐秘条款或秘密条款。
7 civilian uqbzl     
adj.平民的,民用的,民众的
参考例句:
  • There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
  • He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。
8 alleviate ZxEzJ     
v.减轻,缓和,缓解(痛苦等)
参考例句:
  • The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate the pain.医生给她注射以减轻疼痛。
  • Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
9 activists 90fd83cc3f53a40df93866d9c91bcca4     
n.(政治活动的)积极分子,活动家( activist的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
  • Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 marine 77Izo     
adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵
参考例句:
  • Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
  • When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
11 ecosystems 94cb0e40a815bea1157ac8aab9a5380d     
n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样,从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句
12 rugged yXVxX     
adj.高低不平的,粗糙的,粗壮的,强健的
参考例句:
  • Football players must be rugged.足球运动员必须健壮。
  • The Rocky Mountains have rugged mountains and roads.落基山脉有崇山峻岭和崎岖不平的道路。
13 spotted 7FEyj     
adj.有斑点的,斑纹的,弄污了的
参考例句:
  • The milkman selected the spotted cows,from among a herd of two hundred.牛奶商从一群200头牛中选出有斑点的牛。
  • Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks.山姆的商店屯积了有斑点的短袜。

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