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科学美国人60秒 SSS 厌恶西兰花可能与基因有关

时间:2020-09-22 02:51:53

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

If you have heart disease, your doctor might tell you, eat more vegetables. A tactic1 that has limited success.

如果你患有心脏病,医生可能会告诉你多吃蔬菜。但这种策略的效果有限。

"Getting people to change their diets is actually pretty hard. These are lessons I would give over and over again. And I would think, 'Why is this so hard to do?'"

“让人们改变饮食相当困难。这是我一遍又一遍传授地经验。我会思考,为什么这如此艰难?”

Jennifer L. Smith is a nurse researcher at the University of Kentucky who now has a preliminary answer about why change is so hard: it might depend on your genes3. Specifically, whether or not you're genetically5 predisposed to perceive bitterness—and therefore bitter veggies.

肯塔基大学的护理研究员詹妮弗·L·史密斯说到,她现在对改变如此艰难的原因有了初步答案:这可能取决于你的基因。具体来说,即你的基因是否易于感知苦味,能否接受苦味蔬菜。

"So broccoli6 is definitely one of them. They tend to be cruciferous vegetables, like broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, brussels sprouts7, asparagus."

“西兰花绝对是苦味蔬菜。十字花科蔬菜基本都是苦味蔬菜,比如西兰花、花椰菜、卷心菜、球芽甘蓝、芦笋等。”

If you ever took that test in science class where you put a piece of paper on your tongue to see if it tastes bitter, you might already know your bitter status.

如果你曾在科学课上做过测试,将一张纸放在舌头上尝尝是否有苦味,那你可能已经知道自已的苦味状态了。

Smith took saliva8 samples from 175 adults known to be at risk of cardiovascular disease. She then did a genetic4 test to determine whether they had a copy of a bitter-taste gene2 variant9. She also had them fill in a questionnaire about their eating habits.

史密斯采集了175名已知有心血管疾病风险的成年人的唾液样本。然后她进行了基因测试,以确定他们是否有苦味基因变种。她还让他们填写了关于饮食习惯的问卷。

After controlling for factors like age, gender10, income, and so on, Smith found that people with a copy of the bitter-sensitive gene variant were just 40 percent as likely to report eating a lot of veggies as were the folks without the gene variant.

在控制了年龄、性别、收入等因素之后,史密斯发现,相比于没有苦味感知基因变种的人,携带这种基因变种的人只有40%可能报告会吃大量蔬菜。

She's presenting the results this week at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions in Philadelphia.

她将于本周在费城举行的美国心脏协会科学会议上公布研究结果。

If these findings hold up to more testing, Smith says, perhaps doctors could advise patients with this gene variant to avoid the most offensively bitter veggies but to try the others. Or perhaps certain herbs and spices might counteract11 the bitterness, she says.

史密斯说,如果这些结果经得起更多测试,也许医生可以建议携带这种基因变种的患者避开最令人不快的苦味蔬菜,转而尝试别的种类。她说,或者尝试可以抵消苦味的某些药草和香料。

Of course, chefs already figured this out with cheesy broccoli. But for heart patients, the better flavor might not be a favor. 

当然,厨师们已经用西兰花搭配奶酪解决了这个问题。但对心脏病患者来说,更好的味道可能并没有帮助。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 tactic Yqowc     
n.战略,策略;adj.战术的,有策略的
参考例句:
  • Reducing prices is a common sales tactic.降价是常用的销售策略。
  • She had often used the tactic of threatening to resign.她惯用以辞职相威胁的手法。
2 gene WgKxx     
n.遗传因子,基因
参考例句:
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
3 genes 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0     
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
4 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
5 genetically Lgixo     
adv.遗传上
参考例句:
  • All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
  • Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物
6 broccoli 1sbzm     
n.绿菜花,花椰菜
参考例句:
  • She grew all the broccoli plants from seed.这些花椰菜都是她用种子培育出来的。
  • They think broccoli is only green and cauliflower is only white.他们认为西兰花只有绿色的,而菜花都是白色的。
7 sprouts 7250d0f3accee8359a172a38c37bd325     
n.新芽,嫩枝( sprout的名词复数 )v.发芽( sprout的第三人称单数 );抽芽;出现;(使)涌现出
参考例句:
  • The wheat sprouts grew perceptibly after the rain. 下了一场雨,麦苗立刻见长。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The sprouts have pushed up the earth. 嫩芽把土顶起来了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
8 saliva 6Cdz0     
n.唾液,口水
参考例句:
  • He wiped a dribble of saliva from his chin.他擦掉了下巴上的几滴口水。
  • Saliva dribbled from the baby's mouth.唾液从婴儿的嘴里流了出来。
9 variant GfuzRt     
adj.不同的,变异的;n.变体,异体
参考例句:
  • We give professional suggestions according to variant tanning stages for each customer.我们针对每位顾客不同的日晒阶段,提供强度适合的晒黑建议。
  • In a variant of this approach,the tests are data- driven.这个方法的一个变种,是数据驱动的测试。
10 gender slSyD     
n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
参考例句:
  • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
  • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
11 counteract vzlxb     
vt.对…起反作用,对抗,抵消
参考例句:
  • The doctor gave him some medicine to counteract the effect of the poison.医生给他些药解毒。
  • Our work calls for mutual support.We shouldn't counteract each other's efforts.工作要互相支持,不要互相拆台。

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