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科学美国人60秒 SSS 叫声洪亮的白钟雀

时间:2020-11-03 07:58:09

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Eliene Augenbraun.

这里是科学美国人――60秒科学系列,我是艾琳·奥根布劳恩。

(CLIP: Loud bird call)

(音频剪辑:洪亮的鸟鸣声)

That incredibly loud song soaring over the quieter birds in the Amazon rain forest belongs to the male white bellbird. At 125 decibels1, his short but startling songs are louder than a jackhammer.

这个盖过亚马逊雨林中较安静鸟儿的极洪亮鸣叫声,是雄性白钟雀发出的声音。125分贝,它那短促但惊人的歌声比手提钻的声音还大。

"The white bellbird may be the loudest bird in the world. These birds are making extraordinarily2 loud noises. Noises that are so loud, they would be harmful to our hearing if you had to hear them up close."

“白钟雀可能是世界上叫声最大的鸟。这些鸟正在发出极其响亮的噪声。噪声大到,如果你不得不近距离听,那你的听力受到损害。”

Mario Cohn-Haft, curator of birds at Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz?nia. He and his colleague Jeffrey Podos recorded the birds in their natural habitat. Their findings are in the journal Current Biology.

亚马逊国家研究所的鸟类负责人马里奥·科恩·哈夫特说到。他和同事杰弗里·波多斯在白钟雀的自然栖息地记录了它们的叫声。他们的研究发表在《当代生物学》期刊上。

Birds like the kakapo and the Moluccan cockatoo have also laid claim to the loudness title. But the researchers think the new study has better instrumentation and data than most studies previously3 published in the scientific literature.

尖叫鹦鹉和摩鹿加凤头鹦鹉等鸟也曾获得“叫声嘹亮”的称号。但研究人员认为,这项新研究的仪器和数据比之前发表在科学文献上的大多数研究都要好。

"Loud sounds are usually for long-distance communication. And then, when the listener... there was the potential listener, is up close, the volume is dropped way back down... so that nobody needs to call a lot of attention to themselves or blow out his hearing. But in the case of the white bellbird, the opposite seems to be true. The loudest sound they make is actually reserved for courting a female. When the female comes in close, they just switch to their loudest sound and do it right in her face."

“响亮的声音通常用于远距离通信。当潜在聆听者靠近时,音量就会大大降低,这样就不需要耗费太多精力,也不会损害听力。但白钟雀的情况似乎恰恰相反。它们发出的最响亮叫声实际上是为了向雌性求爱。当雌鸟靠近时,它们会切换到最大音量,在雌性面前大叫。”

The male displays another feature—an extendable wattle. It looks like a worm hanging from above the bird's beak4.

雄鸟还展示了另一特征——可延长长的囊肉。看起来就像一条虫子悬在鸟喙上方。

"When they do their loudest song, which is this fast, two-note 'bong bong' that they do, the first bong looking away from the female with their back to her. And then swing around right into her face with that second note. And that wattle whips around, and I suspect that if she were too close, she would get it in the face."

“当雄性用最大声音唱歌时——就是这两个短促的‘嘡嘡’声——它们唱第一声时会把脸转过去,背对着雌性。唱第二声时再把脸转到雌性面前。肉囊也会猛甩过来,我想如果雌性靠得太近,肉囊会直接拍到它脸上。”

Most birds have paper-thin abdominal5 muscles. But the half-pound bellbird, roughly the size of a common city pigeon...

大多数鸟都有一层薄薄的腹肌。但半磅重、体型大概如普通城市鸽子的白钟雀……

"...had a washboard stomach—this incredible thick set of muscles rippling6 all along its abdomen7."

“有着洗衣板一般的胃,那是沿着整个腹部排列的一组极厚肌肉。”

The powerful muscles provide lots of singing power. But the mating song is short and sweet...

这些强壮的肌肉提供了大量唱歌的能量。但求偶叫声短促而甜蜜……

(Clip: Bong bong)

(音频剪辑:嘡嘡声)

...because:

……因为:

"A very loud sound like that has to be really short for the bird to be able to do it at all."

“这种响亮的声音就得短促,这样鸟儿才能发出声来。”

For Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Eliene Augenbraun.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是艾琳·奥根布劳恩。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 decibels 05e497be99c28b77edff352bf9305209     
n.分贝( decibel的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The typical lawn mower makes about 90 decibels of noise. 典型的割草机发出的声响约为90分贝。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • A normal conversation reaches 55 decibels. 普通的谈话即可达55分贝。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 extraordinarily Vlwxw     
adv.格外地;极端地
参考例句:
  • She is an extraordinarily beautiful girl.她是个美丽非凡的姑娘。
  • The sea was extraordinarily calm that morning.那天清晨,大海出奇地宁静。
3 previously bkzzzC     
adv.以前,先前(地)
参考例句:
  • The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
4 beak 8y1zGA     
n.鸟嘴,茶壶嘴,钩形鼻
参考例句:
  • The bird had a worm in its beak.鸟儿嘴里叼着一条虫。
  • This bird employs its beak as a weapon.这种鸟用嘴作武器。
5 abdominal VIUya     
adj.腹(部)的,下腹的;n.腹肌
参考例句:
  • The abdominal aorta is normally smaller than the thoracic aorta.腹主动脉一般比胸主动脉小。
  • Abdominal tissues sometimes adhere after an operation.手术之后腹部有时会出现粘连。
6 rippling b84b2d05914b2749622963c1ef058ed5     
起涟漪的,潺潺流水般声音的
参考例句:
  • I could see the dawn breeze rippling the shining water. 我能看见黎明的微风在波光粼粼的水面上吹出道道涟漪。
  • The pool rippling was caused by the waving of the reeds. 池塘里的潺潺声是芦苇摇动时引起的。
7 abdomen MfXym     
n.腹,下腹(胸部到腿部的部分)
参考例句:
  • How to know to there is ascarid inside abdomen?怎样知道肚子里面有蛔虫?
  • He was anxious about an off-and-on pain the abdomen.他因时隐时现的腹痛而焦虑。

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