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科学美国人60秒 SSS 有头屑者可能拥有独特的真菌菌群

时间:2020-11-10 01:55:10

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

There's a lot of advertising1 mythology2 about what causes dandruff. Like this:

有很多谈论头皮屑产生原因的广告神话。比如这条:

(CLIP: "Here's why clean scalp is important. Your hair roots must breathe—or there's trouble; deep trouble; dandruff.")

(音频剪辑:“这就是为什么清洁头皮非常重要的原因。你的发根必须要呼吸,否则就会产生问题;严重问题,即头皮屑。”)

"Dandruff itself is actually a very, very complicated condition."

“头皮屑本身确实是非常非常复杂的病症。”

Microbiologist and molecular3 biologist Barry Murphy at Unilever in the U.K., says dandruff is a perfect storm of flakiness—involving your fungal microbiome, the health and oiliness of the skin on your scalp, even weather!

英国联合利华公司的微生物学家和分子生物学家巴里·墨菲表示,头皮屑完全是一场脱落风暴,涉及你的真菌微生物群,头皮的健康和油质,甚至还有天气状况!

His team set out to investigate the microbial component4. They sequenced DNA5 from the heads of people with healthy hair and from others with dry, dandruffy scalps—none of whom had used antidandruff shampoo within the last six months.

他的团队开始着手研究其微生物成分。他们对头发健康者和头皮干燥且有头皮屑者进行了头皮DNA测序,这些人在过去六个月内都未使用过去屑洗发水。

As previous studies have found, they spotted6 10 times as much of a type of fungus7 called Malassezia on dandruffy scalps versus8 the healthy cohort. But they also found that populations of a bacterium9 called Staphylococcus capitis spiked10 on flaky scalps.

与此前研究结果一样,他们在头屑头皮上发现了一种名为马拉色菌的真菌,其数量是健康人群头皮上的10倍。但他们同时发现,头屑头皮上的头状葡萄球菌的数量在飙升。

"Really, really interestingly, we found there was approximately 100 times more of this bacteria on a dry or a dandruff scalp than there was on a healthy scalp."

“非常非常有趣的是,我们发现,干燥或头屑头皮上的这种细菌的数量,大约是健康头皮上的100倍。”

But it's still a mystery why it's there—or what it's doing. The results are in the journal PLOS ONE.

但这种细菌为何出现以及它有何作用,现在仍然是谜。这项研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》期刊上。

Murphy's employer Unilever makes its own antidandruff products. So this could be useful information someday. But rather than just zapping scalp fungi11 with antifungal compounds like most of today's antidandruff shampoos do, Murphy says the goal might be to make a more gentle product.

墨菲所在的联合利华公司生产自己的去头屑产品。因此这些信息在未来某天可能会派上用场。但墨菲表示,他们的目标并不是像现在大多数去头屑洗发水那样,仅仅用抗真菌化合物去除头皮真菌,而是制造更加温和的产品。

"It should be about trying to restore an equilibrium12. It should be about microbiome balance. It should be about the very fact that we've lived in harmony with these microbes for millions and millions of years."

“这种产品应该具有恢复平衡的功能。应该能恢复微生物平衡。应该认识到的事实是,我们已经与这些微生物和睦相处了数百万年。”

Either way, it seems the old lore13 that a dandruffy scalp just needs a thorough "cleaning" might be a little flaky.

不管怎样,头屑头皮需要彻底“清洁”的古老说法似乎有点离谱。

(CLIP: "That's why there is no dandruff ever in this family.")

(音频剪辑:“这就是这个家庭没有头皮屑的原因。”)

Thanks for listening for Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 advertising 1zjzi3     
n.广告业;广告活动 a.广告的;广告业务的
参考例句:
  • Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
  • The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。
2 mythology I6zzV     
n.神话,神话学,神话集
参考例句:
  • In Greek mythology,Zeus was the ruler of Gods and men.在希腊神话中,宙斯是众神和人类的统治者。
  • He is the hero of Greek mythology.他是希腊民间传说中的英雄。
3 molecular mE9xh     
adj.分子的;克分子的
参考例句:
  • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
  • For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时,分子的碰撞就停止了。
4 component epSzv     
n.组成部分,成分,元件;adj.组成的,合成的
参考例句:
  • Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
  • Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。
5 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句:
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
6 spotted 7FEyj     
adj.有斑点的,斑纹的,弄污了的
参考例句:
  • The milkman selected the spotted cows,from among a herd of two hundred.牛奶商从一群200头牛中选出有斑点的牛。
  • Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks.山姆的商店屯积了有斑点的短袜。
7 fungus gzRyI     
n.真菌,真菌类植物
参考例句:
  • Mushrooms are a type of fungus.蘑菇是一种真菌。
  • This fungus can just be detected by the unaided eye.这种真菌只用肉眼就能检查出。
8 versus wi7wU     
prep.以…为对手,对;与…相比之下
参考例句:
  • The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
  • The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
9 bacterium BN7zE     
n.(pl.)bacteria 细菌
参考例句:
  • The bacterium possibly goes in the human body by the mouth.细菌可能通过口进入人体。
  • A bacterium is identified as the cause for his duodenal ulcer.一种细菌被断定为造成他十二指肠溃疡的根源。
10 spiked 5fab019f3e0b17ceef04e9d1198b8619     
adj.有穗的;成锥形的;有尖顶的
参考例句:
  • The editor spiked the story. 编辑删去了这篇报道。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They wondered whether their drinks had been spiked. 他们有些疑惑自己的饮料里是否被偷偷搀了烈性酒。 来自辞典例句
11 fungi 6hRx6     
n.真菌,霉菌
参考例句:
  • Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
  • The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。
12 equilibrium jiazs     
n.平衡,均衡,相称,均势,平静
参考例句:
  • Change in the world around us disturbs our inner equilibrium.我们周围世界的变化扰乱了我们内心的平静。
  • This is best expressed in the form of an equilibrium constant.这最好用平衡常数的形式来表示。
13 lore Y0YxW     
n.传说;学问,经验,知识
参考例句:
  • I will seek and question him of his lore.我倒要找上他,向他讨教他的渊博的学问。
  • Early peoples passed on plant and animal lore through legend.早期人类通过传说传递有关植物和动物的知识。

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