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科学美国人60秒 SSS 横斑林鸮入侵内华达山脉

时间:2020-12-23 05:07:48

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

The barred owl1 has a very distinctive2 call.

横斑林鸮的叫声非常独特。

"It's the one that goes, 'Who cooks for you?'"

“听起来就像在说‘谁给你做饭?’”

(CLIP: Barred owl call sample)

(音频剪辑:横斑林鸮的叫声样本)

Connor Wood is a conservation biologist and applied3 ecologist at the University of Wisconsin–Madison—who does a pretty great barred owl impression himself.

威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的保护生物学家和应用生态学家康纳·伍德说到,他本人恰巧能非常形象地模仿横斑林鸮的叫声。

(CLIP: Impression of barred owl)

(音频剪辑:模仿横斑林鸮)

Barred owls4 are native to the eastern U.S. But in the last century, they've crossed the Great Plains, flooded into Canada and taken up roost in the Pacific Northwest, where they're a major threat to northern spotted5 owls.

横斑林鸮是美国东部的本土鸟类。但在上个世纪,它们飞跃大平原,涌入加拿大,在太平洋西北部安家,现在它们已成为北方斑点鸮的主要威胁。

"Barred owls are bigger and more aggressive. And so barred owls have been able to basically drive spotted owls out of their preferred nesting areas. And also, because they're more flexible with what they eat, there can be more barred owls on the landscape."

“横斑林鸮体型更大,攻击性也更强。因此,横斑林鸮能将北方斑点鸮赶出它们喜欢的筑巢地点。而且,由于横斑林鸮的食物范围更灵活,因此其在环境中的数量可能会更多。”

And now they're invading the Sierra Nevada mountains, further south—the native range of the California spotted owl.

现在,它们正在入侵更南边的内华达山脉,即加州斑点鸮的原生地。

"And the big question was: What is the size of the barred owl population there, and how fast is it growing?"

“重要的问题是:那里的横斑林鸮数量有多少,增长速度有多快?”

To answer that, Wood and his team deployed6 audio recorders in roughly 1,000 locations throughout 2,300 square miles of the northern Sierra Nevada. And then they listened—for two years—collecting the faint calls of spotted owls...

为了回答这个问题,伍德及其团队在遍布内华达山脉北部2300平方英里的近1000个地点部署了录音机。之后他们听了两年录音,并收集了北方斑点鸮模糊的叫声。

(CLIP: Spotted owl)

(音频剪辑:北方斑点鸮的叫声)

...and barred owls, too.

……还有横斑林鸮的模糊叫声。

(CLIP: Barred owl)

(音频剪辑:横斑林鸮)

In total, they gathered 200,000 hours worth of audio.

他们总共收集了20万小时的音频。

"It was pretty daunting7, seeing it all accumulate and knowing we had to make something intelligible8 out of it."

“看着音频不断积累,我们知道我们必须从中找到一些可以理解的东西,这真是令人气馁。”

Algorithms that combed the audio for owl calls helped make sense of it all, and through models, the researchers were able to estimate who was living in those forests—barred owls or spotted owls—and approximately how many of them there were.

梳理鸮叫录音的算法有助于我们理解这一切,通过模型,研究人员能够估算出生活在森林里的是横斑林鸮还是北方斑点鸮,以及它们的大致数量。

"The key finding is that barred owls occupied about 8 percent of the northern Sierra Nevada landscape in 2017. But that jumps to 21 percent in 2018. So that's a 2.6-fold increase in just one year. On one hand, that's really worrying, because it suggests that barred owl population has begun to grow really rapidly and thus poses an immediate9 threat to California spotted owls. But on the other hand, it's also really exciting. 'Cause thta's means we've caught the problem early and have a chance to do something about it. Most biological invasions aren't fully10 identified until it's too late."

“关键发现是,2017年,横斑林鸮在内华达山脉北部环境中的占有率约为8%。但到2018年,这一比例飙升至了21%。仅用一年就增长了2.6倍。一方面,这确实令人担忧,因为这表明横斑林鸮开始快速增长,继而会对加州斑点鸮构成直接威胁。但另一方面,这也很令人兴奋。因为这说明我们在早期就发现了问题,有机会采取行动。大多数生物入侵,在完全确认时都为时已晚。”

The results are in the journal The Condor11: Ornithological12 Applications.

这项研究结果发表在《秃鹰:鸟类学应用》期刊上。

Wood and his team advise that it might be necessary to take lethal13 action: remove the barred owls before they wipe out California spotted owls. Assuming we give a hoot14 about the spotted owls' survival.

伍德及其团队建议,可能有必要采取致命行动:清除横斑林鸮,以避免其消灭加州斑点鸮。前提是我们在意加州斑点鸮的生存。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 owl 7KFxk     
n.猫头鹰,枭
参考例句:
  • Her new glasses make her look like an owl.她的新眼镜让她看上去像只猫头鹰。
  • I'm a night owl and seldom go to bed until after midnight.我睡得很晚,经常半夜后才睡觉。
2 distinctive Es5xr     
adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的
参考例句:
  • She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
  • This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。
3 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
4 owls 7b4601ac7f6fe54f86669548acc46286     
n.猫头鹰( owl的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • 'Clumsy fellows,'said I; 'they must still be drunk as owls.' “这些笨蛋,”我说,“他们大概还醉得像死猪一样。” 来自英汉文学 - 金银岛
  • The great majority of barn owls are reared in captivity. 大多数仓鸮都是笼养的。 来自辞典例句
5 spotted 7FEyj     
adj.有斑点的,斑纹的,弄污了的
参考例句:
  • The milkman selected the spotted cows,from among a herd of two hundred.牛奶商从一群200头牛中选出有斑点的牛。
  • Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks.山姆的商店屯积了有斑点的短袜。
6 deployed 4ceaf19fb3d0a70e329fcd3777bb05ea     
(尤指军事行动)使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 ); 施展; 部署; 有效地利用
参考例句:
  • Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
  • The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。
7 daunting daunting     
adj.使人畏缩的
参考例句:
  • They were faced with the daunting task of restoring the house.他们面临着修复房子的艰巨任务。
  • Starting a new job can be a daunting prospect.开始一项新工作有时会让人望而却步。
8 intelligible rbBzT     
adj.可理解的,明白易懂的,清楚的
参考例句:
  • This report would be intelligible only to an expert in computing.只有计算机运算专家才能看懂这份报告。
  • His argument was barely intelligible.他的论点不易理解。
9 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
参考例句:
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
10 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
11 condor ip1zl     
n.秃鹰;秃鹰金币
参考例句:
  • The condor soars above the mountain heights.禿鹰翱翔于高山之上。
  • A condor prepares to fly in Colombia.一只兀鹰在哥伦比亚准备振翅高飞。
12 ornithological 05fff1359f2d1b1409fd1725f6f8e5c7     
adj.鸟类学的
参考例句:
  • Is there an ornithological reason for keeping them in separate cages? 用独立的笼子养鸟,有什么鸟类学的原因吗? 来自电影对白
  • Mere amateurs in 2009 will make ornithological history in China by discovering birds unknown to science. 在即将来临的2009年里,中国鸟类学史大概会由不打眼的业余人士通过发现未知的鸟类而刷新。 来自互联网
13 lethal D3LyB     
adj.致死的;毁灭性的
参考例句:
  • A hammer can be a lethal weapon.铁锤可以是致命的武器。
  • She took a lethal amount of poison and died.她服了致命剂量的毒药死了。
14 hoot HdzzK     
n.鸟叫声,汽车的喇叭声; v.使汽车鸣喇叭
参考例句:
  • The sudden hoot of a whistle broke into my thoughts.突然响起的汽笛声打断了我的思路。
  • In a string of shrill hoot of the horn sound,he quickly ran to her.在一串尖声鸣叫的喇叭声中,他快速地跑向她。

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