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科学美国人60秒 SSS 有关土拨鼠的7个事实

时间:2021-01-05 07:25:47

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。

"That's right, woodchuck-chuckers. It's Groundhog Day! Get up and chuck that hog1 out there!"

“没错,是土拨鼠。今天是土拨鼠日!快起床,将它们赶出来吧!”(电影《土拨鼠日》片段)

February 2: the day each year when we look toward an oversized rodent2 to find out how much more winter we'll endure. In honor of the occasion, here's seven things you might not have known about the groundhog.

2月2日:每年这一天我们都会关注一各超大型啮齿类动物,以此确定我们还要忍受多少冬日。为了纪念这一时刻,我们列出了你可能不了解的有关土拨鼠的7件事。

1. The groundhog's scientific name is Marmota monax, making it one of 14 types of marmot that can be found in the Northern Hemisphere. "Wow, nice marmot." Marmots are members of the Sciuridae family, which makes the groundhog just a really big ground squirrel.

1、土拨鼠的学名是美洲旱獭,是北半球发现的14种旱獭中的一种。“哇哦,这旱獭真不错。”(电影《土拨鼠日》片段)旱獭属于松鼠科,因此土拨鼠只是种非常大的地松鼠。

2. As just noted3, groundhogs are a type of marmot. So you can accurately4 say, "Hey, that marmot just saw its shadow." You could also refer to them as woodchucks, whistle-pigs or land beavers5, depending on where you're from. The name whistle-pig comes from the high-pitched whistle that groundhogs emit to warn the rest of a colony about danger. And contrary to what you might think, the name woodchuck has nothing to do with wood. It's derived6 from the Algonquian name for the animal, wuchak. A big enough groundhog could nevertheless chuck some wood.

2、如上所述,土拨鼠是一种旱獭。因此你可以准确地说,“嘿,那只旱獭看见了自已的影子。”因所在地不同,你也可以将其称为“扔木鼠”、“口哨猪”或“陆海狸”。“口哨猪”这个名字来源于土拨鼠发出的高音哨声,这一声音旨在为群体同类警示危险。可能与大家猜想的相反,“扔木鼠”这个名字与木头无关。而是来源于土拨鼠的阿尔冈琴语名字“wuchak”。足够大的土拨鼠确实可以扔木头。

3. Male and female groundhogs tend to occupy the same territories, year after year. Females generally keep to themselves, with only around a 10 percent overlap7 during the late spring, as they try to expand their home ranges. Males also tend to avoid other males, but they have much larger home ranges. Their territories can overlap with as many as three females' territories.

3、雄性土拨鼠和雌性土拨鼠都喜欢年复一年地占据同一块领地。雌性一般守在领地中,只有在晚春试图扩大活动范围时,它们的领地才会有约10%的重叠。雄性也倾向于避开其它雄性,但它们的活动范围要大得多。它们的领地可以与多达三只雌性的领地重叠。

4. Infant groundhogs are usually born around mid-April. And after just two or three months, they're ready to set off on their own. But around a third of juvenile8 females stay at home for nearly a year, right up until Mom gives birth to the next litter of babies. While Dad has his own burrow9 elsewhere, he visits each of his mates' burrows10 every day until the infants disperse11.

4、小土拨鼠通常在4月中旬左右出生。两三个月后,它们们就准备独自出发离开了。但是大约三分之一的年轻雌性会在家里待将近一年的时间,直到土拨鼠妈妈生下另一窝宝宝。而土拨鼠爸爸在别的地方有自己的洞穴,它每天都会去拜访配偶们的洞穴,直到后代离开。

5. Groundhogs salute12 each other with a unique greeting. Groundhog number one approaches and touches his or her nose to the mouth of groundhog number two. Scientists call this behavior "naso-oral contact."

5、土拨鼠用独特的方式打招呼。土拨鼠会靠近并用鼻子触碰同类的嘴。科学家将这种行为为“鼻口接触”。

6. The animals might be called groundhogs, but they are quite adept13 at climbing trees. So next time you're in groundhog territory, look up!

6、这些动物可能被称为“地猪”,但它们非常擅长爬树。所以,下次进入土拨鼠领地的时候,要向上看!

7. When it comes to accurately predicting the weather, the famous Punxsutawney Phil has been correct only around 36 percent of the time since 1969. That's according to an analysis by meteorologists from Weather Underground. You'd have a higher rate of accuracy by simply flipping15 a coin. But nobody's gonna come to Punxsutawney to watch a coin flip14.

7、说到准确预测天气,自1969年以来,著名的土拨鼠“菲尔”的预测正确率只有36%左右。这是“地下气象”网站的气象学家的分析结果。简单地扔硬币就能获得更高的准确率。但没人会去旁苏托尼看扔硬币。

"You want a prediction about the weather, you're asking the wrong, Phil."

“要是你想预测天气,那可是问错人了,菲尔。”(电影《土拨鼠日》片段)

Thanks for listening for Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 hog TrYzRg     
n.猪;馋嘴贪吃的人;vt.把…占为己有,独占
参考例句:
  • He is greedy like a hog.他像猪一样贪婪。
  • Drivers who hog the road leave no room for other cars.那些占着路面的驾驶员一点余地都不留给其他车辆。
2 rodent DsNyh     
n.啮齿动物;adj.啮齿目的
参考例句:
  • When there is a full moon,this nocturnal rodent is careful to stay in its burrow.月圆之夜,这种夜间活动的啮齿类动物会小心地呆在地洞里不出来。
  • This small rodent can scoop out a long,narrow tunnel in a very short time.这种小啮齿动物能在很短的时间里挖出一条又长又窄的地道来。
3 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
4 accurately oJHyf     
adv.准确地,精确地
参考例句:
  • It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
  • Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
5 beavers 87070e8082105b943967bbe495b7d9f7     
海狸( beaver的名词复数 ); 海狸皮毛; 棕灰色; 拼命工作的人
参考例句:
  • In 1928 some porpoises were photographed working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress. 1928年有人把这些海豚象海狸那样把一床浸泡了水的褥垫推上岸时的情景拍摄了下来。
  • Thus do the beavers, thus do the bees, thus do men. 海狸是这样做的,蜜蜂是这样做的,人也是这样做的。
6 derived 6cddb7353e699051a384686b6b3ff1e2     
vi.起源;由来;衍生;导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取
参考例句:
  • Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 overlap tKixw     
v.重叠,与…交叠;n.重叠
参考例句:
  • The overlap between the jacket and the trousers is not good.夹克和裤子重叠的部分不好看。
  • Tiles overlap each other.屋瓦相互叠盖。
8 juvenile OkEy2     
n.青少年,少年读物;adj.青少年的,幼稚的
参考例句:
  • For a grown man he acted in a very juvenile manner.身为成年人,他的行为举止显得十分幼稚。
  • Juvenile crime is increasing at a terrifying rate.青少年犯罪正在以惊人的速度增长。
9 burrow EsazA     
vt.挖掘(洞穴);钻进;vi.挖洞;翻寻;n.地洞
参考例句:
  • Earthworms burrow deep into the subsoil.蚯蚓深深地钻进底土。
  • The dog had chased a rabbit into its burrow.狗把兔子追进了洞穴。
10 burrows 6f0e89270b16e255aa86501b6ccbc5f3     
n.地洞( burrow的名词复数 )v.挖掘(洞穴),挖洞( burrow的第三人称单数 );翻寻
参考例句:
  • The intertidal beach unit contains some organism burrows. 潮间海滩单元含有一些生物潜穴。 来自辞典例句
  • A mole burrows its way through the ground. 鼹鼠会在地下钻洞前进。 来自辞典例句
11 disperse ulxzL     
vi.使分散;使消失;vt.分散;驱散
参考例句:
  • The cattle were swinging their tails to disperse the flies.那些牛甩动着尾巴驱赶苍蝇。
  • The children disperse for the holidays.孩子们放假了。
12 salute rYzx4     
vi.行礼,致意,问候,放礼炮;vt.向…致意,迎接,赞扬;n.招呼,敬礼,礼炮
参考例句:
  • Merchant ships salute each other by dipping the flag.商船互相点旗致敬。
  • The Japanese women salute the people with formal bows in welcome.这些日本妇女以正式的鞠躬向人们施礼以示欢迎。
13 adept EJIyO     
adj.老练的,精通的
参考例句:
  • When it comes to photography,I'm not an adept.要说照相,我不是内行。
  • He was highly adept at avoiding trouble.他十分善于避开麻烦。
14 flip Vjwx6     
vt.快速翻动;轻抛;轻拍;n.轻抛;adj.轻浮的
参考例句:
  • I had a quick flip through the book and it looked very interesting.我很快翻阅了一下那本书,看来似乎很有趣。
  • Let's flip a coin to see who pays the bill.咱们来抛硬币决定谁付钱。
15 flipping b69cb8e0c44ab7550c47eaf7c01557e4     
讨厌之极的
参考例句:
  • I hate this flipping hotel! 我讨厌这个该死的旅馆!
  • Don't go flipping your lid. 别发火。

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