VOA慢速英语--世界各地的商品和服务成本都在上升

（单词翻译）

Costs of Goods, Services Increase around the World

With coronavirus restrictions¹ easing in some places, companies around the world are struggling to find workers, ships, parts and fuel. Such shortages have led to higher prices for goods and services and have threatened economic recovery.

In Britain, the nation's largest chicken producer warned that the 20-year period of cheap food prices is ending. The head of the producer said food prices will go much higher because of increasing costs for labor² and supplies.

"The days when you could feed a family of four with a 3 pound ($4) chicken are coming to an end," said Ranjit Singh Boparan. He owns 2 Sisters Food Group in Britain.

In Japan, dairy products maker³ Meiji Holdings has increased prices of some products by up to 12.8 percent. It is the maker's first price increase since 2008. Other food companies have also raised prices on their main product lines for the first time in many years.

Yuka Urakawa has noticed the price changes in her country. She called the increases "terrible." She noted⁴ that people's earnings⁵ have not increased, and taxes are rising. "People are increasingly becoming poor," she said.

On Thursday, the Swedish central bank reported that inflation in the northern European country reached its highest level in more than 10 years. Similar reports came from Spain and Ireland.

Worker shortages are leading to major delays at ports in the United States. This week, President Joe Biden announced that workers at the California ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach will work around the clock to unload about 500,000 containers waiting on ships.

Higher energy prices

Oil prices rose by about 1 percent on Thursday. Top oil producer Saudi Arabia has dismissed calls for increasing oil output.

The average U.S. cost of a gallon of gasoline is now at a seven-year high. And the U.S. Energy Department expects winter fuel costs to go much higher. The Reuters news agency reported that the Biden administration has been speaking with U.S. oil and gas producers about helping⁶ to bring down fuel costs.

In China, shortages of coal, high fuel prices and increasing post-pandemic demand have led to a halt in production at factories supplying goods to the world.

The International Energy Agency wrote in its monthly oil report, "Higher energy prices are also adding to inflationary pressures that, along with power outages, could lead to lower industrial activity and a slowdown in the economic recovery."

Limited supply of semiconductors⁸

The Dutch mapping software company TomTom reported Thursday that its sales dropped 21 percent in the third quarter of the year. It also warned that supply chain problems in the automobile⁹ industry could last until the first half of 2022. The company supplies its software to carmakers.

TomTom's Chief Financial Officer Taco Titulaer told Reuters, "collectively, we have underestimated how big the supply chain issues, and especially for semiconductor⁷ shortages, have been or have become."

Italian-American vehicle maker CNH Industrial NV said on Wednesday it will temporarily shut several European manufacturing centers because of difficulties in finding parts.

Some other carmakers, such as Toyota, are hoping to restart production in December with new shipments from pandemic-hit suppliers. Toyota officials told Reuters that the company plans to build an extra 97,000 vehicles between December and March. They will do so by possibly adding weekend work periods.

Increasing demand for semiconductors is good news for Taiwan's TSMC. The world's largest contract chipmaker reported a nearly 14 percent jump in third-quarter profits this year.

TSMC and Taiwan have become central to efforts aimed at fixing the worldwide chip shortage, which has also hit manufacturers of smartphones, laptop computers and home machinery¹⁰.

Words in This Story

cheap - adj. not costing a lot of money

inflation - n. a continual increase in the price of goods and services

gallon - n. a unit of liquid measurement equal to 3.8 liters

semiconductor - n. electronic chip or circuit