2022年经济学人 俄罗斯经济恢复元气

（单词翻译）

Finance & economics

财经板块

Russia’s economy: Tears but a flesh wound

俄罗斯经济：轻伤而已

Russia’s economy is back on its feet

俄罗斯经济已经恢复元气

In early april we pointed¹ to preliminary evidence that the Russian economy was defying predictions of collapse², even as Western countries introduced unprecedented³ sanctions.

4月初，我们曾指出，初步证据表明，尽管西方国家对俄罗斯实施了前所未有的制裁，但俄罗斯经济并未像预期的那样崩溃。

Recent data further support this view.

最近的数据进一步支持了这一观点。

Helped along by capital controls and high interest rates, the rouble is now as valuable as it was before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in late February.

在资本管制和高利率的推动下，卢布现在与2月底俄罗斯入侵乌克兰之前一样值钱。

Russia appears to be keeping up with payments of its foreign-currency bonds.

俄罗斯似乎在偿还其外币债券。

The real economy is surprisingly resilient too.

俄罗斯实体经济的韧性也令人惊讶。

True, Russian consumer prices have risen by more than 10% since the beginning of the year, as the rouble’s initial depreciation⁴ made imports more expensive and many Western companies pulled out, reducing supply.

诚然，由于卢布最初的贬值使得进口更加昂贵，许多西方公司撤出，减少了供应，俄罗斯的消费价格自今年年初以来已经上涨了10%以上。

The number of firms late on their wage payments seems to be growing.

似乎有越来越多的公司拖欠工资。

But “real-time” measures of Russian economic activity are largely holding up.

但是，俄罗斯经济活动的“实时”指标在很大程度上保持了稳定。

Total electricity consumption has fallen only a smidge.

总用电量仅略有下降。

After a lull⁵ in March, Russians seem to be spending fairly freely on cafes, bars and restaurants, according to a spending tracker run by Sberbank, Russia’s largest bank.

根据俄罗斯最大的银行——俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行的支出跟踪，经历3月份的一段淡季之后，俄罗斯人似乎在咖啡馆、酒吧和餐馆上的消费相当自由。

On April 29th the central bank lowered its key interest rate from 17% to 14%, a sign that a financial panic which began in February has eased slightly.

4月29日，中央银行将基准利率从17%下调至14%，这标志着始于2月份的金融恐慌有所缓解。

The Russian economy is undoubtedly⁶ shrinking, but some economists’ predictions of a gdp decline of up to 15% this year are starting to look pessimistic.

毫无疑问，俄罗斯的经济在萎缩，但一些经济学家对俄今年GDP降幅高达15%的预测似乎要落空了。

Even before the invasion Russia was a fairly closed economy, limiting sanctions’ bite.

即便在入侵前，俄罗斯也是一个相当封闭的经济体，这让西方的制裁效果有限。

But the biggest reason for the economy’s resilience relates to fossil fuels.

但俄罗斯经济恢复的最大原因与化石燃料有关。

Since the invasion Russia has exported at least $65bn-worth of fossil fuels via shipments and pipelines⁷, suggests the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air, a think-tank in Finland.

芬兰智库能源与清洁空气研究中心表示，自入侵以来，俄罗斯已通过船运和管道出口了至少650亿美元的化石燃料。

In the first quarter of 2022 the government’s revenues from hydrocarbons⁸ rose by over 80% year on year.

在2022年第一季度，政府来自化石燃料的收入同比增长了80%以上。

On May 4th the European Commission proposed a ban on imports of all Russian oil that would come into full force by the end of the year.

5月4日，欧盟委员会提议禁止进口所有俄罗斯石油，该禁令将于今年年底全面生效。

Until then, expect the Russian economy to continue to trundle along.

在那之前，预计俄罗斯经济还会继续缓慢发展。