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科学美国人60秒 女性CEO改变公司谈论女性的方式

时间:2022-08-24 02:30:25

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(单词翻译)

Female CEOs Change How Firms Talk about Women

女性CEO改变公司谈论女性的方式

Karen Hopkin: This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I’m Karen Hopkin.

Think of a top executive at a powerhouse company. You’re no doubt imagining someone who’s confident and clever, decisive and determined1. And, though it pains me to say it, you’re probably picturing a man. The sad thing is, you wouldn’t be too far off the mark.

凯伦·霍普金:这是《科学美国人》的60秒科学。我是凯伦·霍普金。

想想一家实力雄厚的公司的高管。毫无疑问,你想象的是一个自信、聪明、果断、果断的人。虽然我很难说,但你可能在想象一个男人。可悲的是,你不会离目标太远。

Asher Lawson: Around only 7 percent of S&P 500 CEOs are women, despite women making up 50 percent of the population.

阿舍·劳森:尽管女性占总人口的50%,但在标准普尔500指数的首席执行官中,女性仅占7%。

Hopkin: That’s Asher Lawson, a graduate student at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business. He says that one way to even the playing field might be to change the way we think about…and talk about…leadership. And he and his colleagues have found that organizations are more likely to describe women using words that are typically associated with achievement if they have female CEOs. Their findings appear in the Proceedings2 of the National Academy of Sciences.

霍普金:这位是阿舍·劳森,杜克大学福卡商学院的研究生。他说,一种平衡竞争环境的方法可能是改变我们思考……和谈论……领导力的方式。他和他的同事们发现,如果组织中有女性CEO,那么他们更可能使用通常与成就相关的词语来描述女性。他们的发现发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。

Lawson: Gender3 inequality has been deemed the “greatest human rights challenge of our time” by the United Nations. In our research we’re interested in specifically some of the factors that perpetuate  these gender inequities…as well as the downstream consequences of those gender stereotypes4.

劳森:性别不平等被联合国视为“我们时代最大的人权挑战”。在我们的研究中,我们特别感兴趣的是使这些性别不平等长期存在的一些因素……以及这些性别陈规定型观念的下游后果

Hopkin: To get at the roots of these stereotypes, Lawson and his team took a closer look at corporate5 speak  — and the words businesses use when referring to women.

霍普金:为了找出这些陈规定型观念的根源,劳森和他的团队仔细研究了企业用语,以及企业在提到女性时使用的词语。

Lawson: So we’re really interested in language because it gives us this deep insight into how people are thinking about women in a way that doesn’t rely on them reporting it themselves.

Hopkin: Now, coming straight out and asking companies how they feel about females can lead to some fanciful forecasting.

劳森:所以我们对语言很感兴趣,因为它让我们深入了解人们是如何看待女性的,而不是依赖于他们自己去报道。

霍普金:现在,直截了当地问公司他们对女性的感觉如何,可能会导致一些幻想的预测。

Lawson: So if you ask organizations whether they believe in gender equity6 or whether they’re interested in fairness, because of social desirability concerns, they’ll nearly always say yes.

劳森:所以,如果你问组织是否相信性别平等,或者出于社会愿望的考虑,他们是否对公平感兴趣,他们几乎总是会说是的。

Hopkin: To find out if businesses talk the talk AND walk the walk, the researchers parsed7 the shareholder8 reports and investor9 documents of S&P 500 companies. Using natural language processing techniques, they analyzed10 some 43,000 files…containing more than 1.2 billion words…and they looked for associations between words that signify women…like she and her…and words typically associated with leadership…like assertive11 or ambitious or effective.

霍普金:为了找出企业是否言行一致,研究人员分析了标准普尔500指数公司的股东报告和投资者文件。利用自然语言处理技术,他们分析了大约43000个文件……包含12亿多个单词……他们寻找表示女性的单词之间的关联……比如她和她……以及通常与领导力相关的单词之间的关联……比如自信、雄心勃勃或有效。

Lawson: One way to think of it is if you had an autocomplete system like you use on your phone and you said “she is…” it would be like, how likely is it that the next word is powerful?

Hopkin: Once they assessed this association…

劳森:一种想法是,如果你有一个像你在手机上使用的自动补全系统,你说“她是……”,那么,下一个词有多大可能强大?

霍普金:一旦他们评估了这种联系…

Lawson: We then asked: how do these associations change when you hire women as leaders? And we saw the same pattern across all of this data: that hiring women as senior leaders led to an increased association with those leadership-congruent traits.

劳森:然后我们问:当你雇佣女性担任领导时,这些协会会发生什么变化?我们在所有这些数据中都看到了相同的模式:雇佣女性担任高级领导会增加与这些领导特质的关联。

Hopkin: And it wasn’t that the companies were extolling12 the virtues13 of their own specific staff.

Lawson: So it’s not just discussion of those new CEOs and board members. It actually generalizes to discussion of women more broadly. So we were heartened to see this result.

霍普金:这并不是说这些公司在颂扬自己特定员工的美德。

劳森:所以这不仅仅是讨论那些新的首席执行官和董事会成员。它实际上更广泛地概括了对女性的讨论。因此,看到这一结果,我们感到振奋。

Hopkin: At the same time, they wondered whether there might be any backlash…in other words, when a woman is seen as more competent, is she then considered to be less compassionate14 and considerate.

霍普金:与此同时,他们想知道是否会有任何反弹……换句话说,当一个女人被认为更有能力时,她是否会被认为缺乏同情心和体贴。

Lawson: Happily, we saw that there was no decreased association with being caring and these kinds of likable traits.

劳森:令人高兴的是,我们发现与关心他人和这些讨人喜欢的特质没有减少联系。

Hopkin: Even better, the data suggests that the organizations that saw the biggest boost in female-linked leadership language are more likely to hire even more women.

霍普金:更妙的是,数据表明,在与女性相关的领导语言方面得到最大提升的组织更有可能雇佣更多的女性。

Lawson: So this highlights the opportunity for a virtuous15 cycle where the effect can snowball. Appointing women leads women to be more closely associated with these traits that are seen as necessary to be leaders…and this can actually precipitate16 hiring more women in the future. So it’s a very exciting process to witness.

劳森:因此,这突出了一个良性循环的机会,在这个循环中,影响可能会滚雪球。任命女性会使女性与这些被视为领导者必备的特质更加紧密地联系在一起……这实际上会促使未来雇佣更多女性。所以这是一个非常激动人心的过程。

Hopkin: And something the head honcho will surely write about in her next annual report.

For Scientific American’s 60-Second Science, I’m Karen Hopkin.

霍普金:还有一些事情,主管一定会在她的下一份年度报告中写出来。

《科学美国人》的《60秒科学》,我是凯伦·霍普金。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
2 proceedings Wk2zvX     
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
参考例句:
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
3 gender slSyD     
n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
参考例句:
  • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
  • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
4 stereotypes 1ff39410e7d7a101c62ac42c17e0df24     
n.老套,模式化的见解,有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化,使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
  • It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调,我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
5 corporate 7olzl     
adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的
参考例句:
  • This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
  • His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
6 equity ji8zp     
n.公正,公平,(无固定利息的)股票
参考例句:
  • They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
  • To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值,墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。
7 parsed c3732cbf21875cb12763787c984dd68d     
v.从语法上描述或分析(词句等)( parse的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • You should never assume any of the scripts being parsed are valid. 你绝不能假设所有的脚本都正确的解释。 来自互联网
  • All text in an XML document will be parsed by the parser. XML文档中的所有文本都会被解析器解析。 来自互联网
8 shareholder VzPwU     
n.股东,股票持有人
参考例句:
  • The account department have prepare a financial statement for the shareholder.财务部为股东准备了一份财务报表。
  • A shareholder may transfer his shares in accordance with the law.股东持有的股份可以依法转让。
9 investor aq4zNm     
n.投资者,投资人
参考例句:
  • My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
  • The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。
10 analyzed 483f1acae53789fbee273a644fdcda80     
v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 );分解;解释;对…进行心理分析
参考例句:
  • The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程,因为对他来说,爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 assertive De7yL     
adj.果断的,自信的,有冲劲的
参考例句:
  • She always speaks an assertive tone.她总是以果断的语气说话。
  • China appears to have become more assertive in the waters off its coastline over recent years.在近些年,中国显示出对远方海洋的自信。
12 extolling 30ef9750218039dffb7af4095a8b30ed     
v.赞美( extoll的现在分词 );赞颂,赞扬,赞美( extol的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • He never stops extolling the virtues of the free market. 他不停地颂扬自由市场的种种好处。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They kept extolling my managerial skills. 他们不停地赞美我的管理技能。 来自辞典例句
13 virtues cd5228c842b227ac02d36dd986c5cd53     
美德( virtue的名词复数 ); 德行; 优点; 长处
参考例句:
  • Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. 医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。
  • She delivered a homily on the virtues of family life. 她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。
14 compassionate PXPyc     
adj.有同情心的,表示同情的
参考例句:
  • She is a compassionate person.她是一个有同情心的人。
  • The compassionate judge gave the young offender a light sentence.慈悲的法官从轻判处了那个年轻罪犯。
15 virtuous upCyI     
adj.有品德的,善良的,贞洁的,有效力的
参考例句:
  • She was such a virtuous woman that everybody respected her.她是个有道德的女性,人人都尊敬她。
  • My uncle is always proud of having a virtuous wife.叔叔一直为娶到一位贤德的妻子而骄傲。
16 precipitate 1Sfz6     
adj.突如其来的;vt.使突然发生;n.沉淀物
参考例句:
  • I don't think we should make precipitate decisions.我认为我们不应该贸然作出决定。
  • The king was too precipitate in declaring war.国王在宣战一事上过于轻率。

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