2022年经济学人 美联储或在明年全年加息

（单词翻译）

The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

Central-bank officials attending the annual Jackson Hole symposium¹ conveyed a clear, hawkish² message on interest rates.

出席Jackson Hole年度研讨会的央行官员传达了一个明确的、强硬的利率信息。

Jerome Powell, chairman of the Federal Reserve, said he expected the Fed would raise rates throughout next year.

美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔表示，他预计美联储将在明年全年加息。

Officials from the European Central Bank talked of “sacrifice”, and said that the lessons of the 1970s showed there should be no easing of monetary³ tightening⁴ at the first signs of a dip in inflation.

欧洲央行官员谈到了“牺牲”，并表示，上世纪70年代的教训表明，在出现通胀下降的最初迹象时，不应放松货币紧缩。

The ECB is expected to lift rates at its next meeting on September 8th.

预计欧洲央行将在9月8日的下一次会议上提高利率。

The central bankers warned that higher rates were necessary to tame inflation, even if they lead to recession.

央行官员警告称，提高利率对于抑制通货膨胀是必要的，即使这会导致经济衰退。

The stark⁵ commitments to carry on with rate increases rattled⁶ stockmarkets.

继续加息的明确承诺令股市动荡不安。

The S&P 500, NASDAQ composite, Dow Jones Industrial Average, FTSE 100 and German DAX all fell sharply over a few days, wiping out most of the gains they had made during August’s rally.

标准普尔500指数、纳斯达克综合指数、道琼斯工业平均指数、富时100指数和德国DAX指数都在几天内大幅下跌，抹去了8月份反弹期间的大部分涨幅。

Annual inflation in the euro zone rose to 9.1% in August (it was over 20% in the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania).

欧元区8月份的年通货膨胀率升至9.1%(波罗的海国家爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛的通胀率超过20%)。

All indicators⁷ point to prices rising even more sharply over the coming months.

所有指标都表明，未来几个月的价格涨幅会更大。

The ECB is now expected to raise its main interest rate by more than half a percentage point.

目前预计欧洲央行将把主要利率上调0.5个百分点以上。

Soaring energy prices are a big cause of Europe’s inflation woes⁸, and show no sign of easing amid the disruption to Russian gas supplies.

能源价格飙升是欧洲通胀困境的一个重要原因，在俄罗斯天然气供应中断的情况下，能源价格飙升没有任何缓解的迹象。

This week Gazprom, Russia’s state gas producer, shut the Nord Stream 1 pipeline⁹ again for three days, apparently¹⁰ for more repairs.

本周，俄罗斯国有天然气生产商Gazprom再次将北溪1号管道关闭三天，显然是为了进行更多的维修。

Gazprom is also set to stop all shipments to Engie, a French utility, in a payment dispute.

在一场付款纠纷中，Gazprom还将停止向法国公用事业公司Engie运送天然气。

Meanwhile, Uniper, one of Germany’s biggest utilities, asked for a government increase to its credit line to avoid a liquidity¹¹ crunch¹².

与此同时，德国最大的公用事业公司之一Uniper要求政府增加其信贷额度，以避免流动性紧缩。

Wien Energie, which supplies Vienna, warned of difficulties in financing its operations.

为维也纳供应能源的Wien Energie警告称，在融资方面存在困难。

Amid the turmoil¹³, the European Commission said it was working flat out on an intervention¹⁴ plan that would “decouple” gas prices from the electricity market.

在动荡之际，欧盟委员会表示，该组织正在全力制定一项干预计划，使天然气价格与电力市场“脱钩”。

In Britain the energy regulator lifted the price cap on bills by 80%.

在英国，能源监管机构将账单的价格上限提高了80%。

From October the average household’s annual bill for gas and electricity will rise to ￡3,549 ($4,117).

从10月份开始，普通家庭每年的燃气费和电费将升至3549英磅(合4117美元)。

Companies are not covered by the cap; some said they would go bankrupt.

多家公司不在这一价格上限的覆盖范围内；一些公司表示，它们将会破产。

Turkey’s economy grew by 7.6% in the second quarter, year on year.

土耳其第二季度经济同比增长7.6%。

The weak lira, a result of the government’s unorthodox economic policies, has boosted exports.

由于该国政府的另类经济政策，里拉疲软促进了出口。

But household consumption, up by 22.5% in the quarter, also added to GDP.

但是家庭消费在本季度增长了22.5%，也使国内生产总值增长了。

With inflation at 80%, households have brought forward their purchases to beat further price increases over the coming months.

在通胀率高达80%的情况下，该国家庭提前购买物品，以应对未来几个月物价的进一步上涨。

Meanwhile, Turkish authorities raised energy prices for households by an average of 20%, and industry by 50%.

与此同时，土耳其当局将家庭能源价格平均上调了20%，工业能源价格平均上调了50%。