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科学美国人60秒 可以捕捉苍蝇的植物

时间:2022-12-16 08:58:32

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(单词翻译)

This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I’m Karen Hopkin.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是凯伦·霍普金。

They say you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar.

据说,用蜂蜜能比用醋捉到更多苍蝇。

But what if you had access to a remote-controlled carnivorous plant?

但如果你能获得一株远程遥控的食肉植物呢?

Because researchers have engineered a bio-inspired system, an artificial neuron, if you will, that can trigger the snap of a Venus fly trap.

研究人员设计了一种仿生系统,或者称为一个人工神经元,如果你愿意的话,这可以触发捕蝇草的突然闭合。

Hi, my name is Simone Fabiano. I'm associate professor at Linkoping University in Sweden.

你好,我是西蒙·法比亚诺。我是瑞典林科平大学的副教授。

Fabiano designed the trap-springing device using nerve cells as a kind of bio-based blueprint1.

法比亚诺以神经细胞为生物蓝图设计了一个诱捕弹性装置。

The way our biological neurons work is that they integrate information from different inputs3 over time, perform computation, and communicate the result to other neurons by means of voltage pulses.

生物神经元的工作方式是,随着时间的推移,它们会整合不同的输入信息,执行计算,并通过电压脉冲将结果传达给其他神经元。

Now, standard, silicon-based systems can also deliver electrical pulses.

现在,标准的硅基系统也可以传输电脉冲。

But if you want to couple them with something living to produce bionic prosthetics or engineer any kind of brain/machine interface4.

但如果你想把它们与活的生物结合起来,生产仿生假肢或设计任何类型的大脑/机器接口。

Well, they suffer from several limitations.

嗯,他们受到了几个限制。

Such as rigidity5, poor biocompatibility, complex circuit structures, and operation mechanisms6 that are fundamentally different from those of biological systems.

比如硬度太高、生物相容性差、电路结构复杂、运行机制与生物系统也有根本上的不同。

To smooth biological integration7, Fabiano built his system from polymers that conduct both electrons, like, everyday electronics, and ions, which is how neurons get things done.

为了顺利地进行生物整合,法比亚诺用高分子建造了系统,这种高分子既能传导电子,也能传导日常电子和离子,而离子是神经元完成任务的方式。

It’s the ions that enable communication between biological and artificial neurons.

正是这种离子使生物神经元和人造神经元之间能够进行交流。

Each part of the artificial neuron, which the researchers describe in the journal Nature, has a direct counterpart in its biological role model.

研究人员在《自然》杂志上描述:人工神经元的每个部分,在其生物角色模型中都有一个直接的对应部分。

We have an input2 terminal that acts as the biological neuron’s dendrite.

有一个输入端,可以充当生物神经元的树突。

That dendrite collects the incoming electrical signals and sends them to a capacitor which, like a neuronal cell body, integrates the information.

这个树突收集传入的电信号,并将它们发送到电容器,电容器就像神经元细胞体一样,整合信息。

Then, once the voltage reaches a specific threshold, a pulse is fired along organic amplifiers that mimic8 a nerve cell axon.

一旦电压达到特定的阈值,就会沿着模仿神经细胞轴突的有机放大器发射脉冲。

We use the ionic concentration-dependent switching characteristics of our transistors9 to modulate10 the frequency of spiking11, which is to a large extent analogous12 to biological systems.

我们使用晶体管离子浓度依赖转换的特性来调节猛增频率,这在很大程度上类似于生物系统。

So the ions control the current that flows from the faux neuron to its target, in this case, a live Venus flytrap, triggering the rapid-fire closure of its leafy appendages13.

离子控制着自人造神经元流向其目标的电流,在这种情况下,一个鲜活的捕蝇草会触发其枝叶急速闭合。

All in all, a dramatic demonstration14 of the potential of neuromorphic design that should give interested engineers, and interloping fruit flies, something to watch out for.

总而言之,对引人注目的神经形态设计电位的展示,会给感兴趣的工程师和闯入他人领地的果蝇提个醒。

For Scientific American’s 60-Second Science, I’m Karen Hopkin.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是凯伦·霍普金。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 blueprint 6Rky6     
n.蓝图,设计图,计划;vt.制成蓝图,计划
参考例句:
  • All the machine parts on a blueprint must answer each other.设计图上所有的机器部件都应互相配合。
  • The documents contain a blueprint for a nuclear device.文件内附有一张核装置的设计蓝图。
2 input X6lxm     
n.输入(物);投入;vt.把(数据等)输入计算机
参考例句:
  • I will forever be grateful for his considerable input.我将永远感激他的大量投入。
  • All this information had to be input onto the computer.所有这些信息都必须输入计算机。
3 inputs a8aff967e1649a1c82ea607c881e8091     
n.输入( input的名词复数 );投入;输入端;输入的数据v.把…输入电脑( input的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Uncheck the inputs checked for optimization in the previous stage. 不测试那些已经测试过的优化了的以前步骤的inputs.(变量参数)。 来自互联网
  • Just in case, save in a file the inputs obtained at the previous stage. 以防万一,保存以前步骤获得的inputs(变量参数值)到一个文件中去。 来自互联网
4 interface e5Wx1     
n.接合部位,分界面;v.(使)互相联系
参考例句:
  • My computer has a network interface,which allows me to get to other computers.我的计算机有网络接口可以与其它计算机连在一起。
  • This program has perspicuous interface and extensive application. 该程序界面明了,适用范围广。
5 rigidity HDgyg     
adj.钢性,坚硬
参考例句:
  • The rigidity of the metal caused it to crack.这金属因刚度强而产生裂纹。
  • He deplored the rigidity of her views.他痛感她的观点僵化。
6 mechanisms d0db71d70348ef1c49f05f59097917b8     
n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 );机械装置;[生物学] 机制;机械作用
参考例句:
  • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 integration G5Pxk     
n.一体化,联合,结合
参考例句:
  • We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
  • This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。
8 mimic PD2xc     
v.模仿,戏弄;n.模仿他人言行的人
参考例句:
  • A parrot can mimic a person's voice.鹦鹉能学人的声音。
  • He used to mimic speech peculiarities of another.他过去总是模仿别人讲话的特点。
9 transistors ff750796e6ff1fb40d6a8248a6485dc3     
晶体管( transistor的名词复数 ); 晶体管收音机,半导体收音机
参考例句:
  • In semiconductor receivers transistors take the place of vacuum tubes. 在半导体收音机中晶体管代替了真空管。
  • We often turn to this handbook for information on transistors. 我们常从这本手册查阅有关晶体管的资料。
10 modulate IEOxl     
v.调整,调节(音的强弱);变调
参考例句:
  • Please modulate the sound on the TV.请调节一下电视的音量。
  • This system could modulate the voice signal effectively.这个系统可以对语音信号进行有效的调制。
11 spiking fdfff77f88d75cd4917be2a320cd846e     
n.尖峰形成v.加烈酒于( spike的现在分词 );偷偷地给某人的饮料加入(更多)酒精( 或药物);把尖状物钉入;打乱某人的计划
参考例句:
  • High spiking fever with chills is suggestive of a complicating pylephlebitis. 伴有寒战的高热,暗示合并门静脉炎。 来自辞典例句
  • We could be spiking our own guns. 我们可能要遭到失败。 来自辞典例句
12 analogous aLdyQ     
adj.相似的;类似的
参考例句:
  • The two situations are roughly analogous.两种情況大致相似。
  • The company is in a position closely analogous to that of its main rival.该公司与主要竞争对手的处境极为相似。
13 appendages 5ed0041aa3aab8c9e76c5d0b7c40fbe4     
n.附属物( appendage的名词复数 );依附的人;附属器官;附属肢体(如臂、腿、尾等)
参考例句:
  • The 11th segment carries a pair of segmented appendages, the cerci. 第十一节有一对分节的附肢,即尾须。 来自辞典例句
  • Paired appendages, with one on each side of the body, are common in many animals. 很多动物身上有成对的附肢,一侧一个,这是很普遍的现象。 来自辞典例句
14 demonstration 9waxo     
n.表明,示范,论证,示威
参考例句:
  • His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
  • He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。

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