2023年经济学人 美国编剧因薪酬问题15年来首度罢工

（单词翻译）

美国编剧因薪酬问题15年来首度罢工

    The world this week--Business

    本周国际要闻--商业

    In an attempt to stave off more banking¹ turmoil², regulators in California took control of First Republic Bank, a regional lender based in San Francisco, and placed it into federal receivership.

    为避免更多银行业动荡，加州监管机构接管了第一共和银行(总部位于旧金山的地区性贷款机构)，并将其置于联邦破产管理之下。

    Much of the bank was then sold to JPMorgan Chase following a bidding auction³.

    随后，该银行的大部分资产在竞价拍卖后被出售给摩根大通。

    It is America’s second-biggest banking failure ever.

    这是美国有史以来第二大银行倒闭案。

    The rescue didn’t do much to placate⁴ fears about the health of other midsized regional banks.

    此次救助计划并没有缓解人们对其他地区性中型银行健康状况的担忧。

    The share price of Pacific Western Bank slumped⁵ after the lender was reported to be exploring its strategic options.

    西太平洋银行被报道正在探索其战略选择后股价暴跌。

    The Federal Reserve issued a stinging report into the collapse⁶ of Silicon⁷ Valley Bank in March.

    今年3月，美联储针对硅谷银行的倒闭发布了一份措辞严厉的报告。

    It blamed SVB’s management as well as itself for not appreciating “the seriousness of critical deficiencies” at the bank, and said that legislation passed in Congress in 2018 had lowered supervisory standards.

    美联储指责硅谷银行自身及其管理层没有意识到该行“关键缺陷的严重性”，而且还表示2018年国会通过的立法降低了监管标准。

    It called for stronger regulations.

    美联储呼吁加强监管。

    The report also noted⁸ that social media is a factor that “may have fundamentally changed the speed of bank runs”.

    该报告还指出，社交媒体“可能从根本上改变了银行挤兑速度”。

    The Fed lifted its benchmark interest rate by another quarter of a percentage point, to a range of between 5% and 5.25%.

    美联储将基准利率再上调0.25个百分点，达到5%至5.25%的区间。

    It was the tenth consecutive⁹ increase, though markets interpreted a slight change in the central bank’s guidance to think it may be the last in this particular cycle.

    这是连续第十次加息，尽管市场将央行指导利率的略微变化解读为，这可能是这个特定周期的最后一次加息。

    The Reserve Bank of Australia surprised markets when it raised its rate by a quarter of a point, to 3.85%.

    澳大利亚储备银行将利率上调0.25个百分点至3.85%，令市场感到意外。

    The bank had left the rate on hold in April, suggesting that a rapid run of increases was over.

    该行曾在4月份维持利率不变，这表明一轮快速加息已经结束。

    The disruptive potential of generative artificial intelligence came into sharp focus when Chegg, a provider of online study aids, said that the use of Chatgpt by students was starting to affect revenues.

    当在线学习辅助软件提供商Chegg表示，学生使用Chatgpt已开始影响其收益时，生成式人工智能的颠覆性潜力成为人们关注的焦点。

    Although the chief executive tried to assure investors¹⁰ that this “is not a sky-is-falling thing” and the effects are “just on the margin”, Chegg’s share price swooned, dragging down the stock of other online education companies.

    尽管这位首席执行官试图向投资者保证这“不是灭顶之灾”，其影响“只是微乎其微”，但Chegg的股价还是大幅下跌，拖累了其他在线教育公司的股价。

    The Writers Guild¹¹ of America called its first strike for 15 years, in a dispute over pay with studios such as Apple, Disney and Netflix.

    美国编剧工会召集了15年来的首次罢工，原因是与苹果、迪士尼和网飞等影视公司就薪酬问题发生纠纷。

    The television and film writers say the studios are creating “a gig economy” in the industry, for example by moving to “day rates” in comedy variety.

    电视与电影编剧表示，影视公司正在创造该行的“零工经济”，例如，喜剧类节目改为“日工资”。

    It also wants to restrict the use of AI in creating scripts.

    影视公司还想限制人工智能在创建脚本中的使用。

    The last stoppage by Hollywood’s script writers lasted 100 days.

    好莱坞编剧的上次停工持续了100天。