2023年经济学人 企业家庭消费疲软, 日本三季度经济萎缩

（单词翻译）

企业家庭消费疲软, 日本三季度经济萎缩

The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

Japan’s economy shrank by 2.1% on an annualised basis in the third quarter, or by 0.5% on the previous quarter, amid weak household consumption and business spending. 在家庭消费和企业支出疲软的情况下，日本经济第三季度按年率计算下降了2.1%，与前一季度相比，跌幅为0.5%。

The contraction¹ suggests that inflation, running at an annual rate of 3%, which is high by Japanese standards, is starting to cut into domestic demand. 日本的经济萎缩表明，3%的年通货膨胀率(按日本的标准看偏高)正在开始削减国内需求。

That complicates² the central bank’s path to ending its massive monetary³ stimulus⁴ programme and policy of negative interest rates, which markets expect it to start undoing⁵ in the coming months.

这会使日本央行结束大规模货币刺激计划与负利率政策的道路复杂化。市场预计日本央行将在未来几个月开始取消这些计划与政策。

Markets were cheered by news that America’s annual inflation rate dipped to 3.2% in October, the first decline in four months. 美国10月份的年通货膨胀率降至3.2%，这是四个月来的首次下降，这一消息令市场欢欣鼓舞。

Core inflation, which excludes energy and food prices, also slowed, to 4%. 不包括能源和食品价格在内的的核心通胀率也降至4%。

In Britain annual inflation plunged⁶ from 6.7% in September to 4.6% in October, the lowest rate in two years.

英国的年通货膨胀率从9月份的6.7%骤降至10月份的4.6%，为两年来的最低水平。

After a dismal⁷ few months, America’s main stockmarkets have roared back in November, as investors⁸ bet that lower inflation makes it more likely that central banks have finished raising interest rates.

在经历了数月的低迷后，美国主要股市在11月份又开始反弹，因为投资者押注通胀降低使央行更有可能完成加息。

Nvidia unveiled its latest superchip for generative artificial intelligence, the H200. 英伟达推出了最新的用于生成式人工智能的超级芯片H200。

Delivering 141 gigabytes of memory at 4.8 terabytes per second, it has nearly double the capacity of its predecessor⁹ chip. 超级芯片H200的处理速度是4.8TB/秒，拥有141GB的内存，其容量几乎是前代芯片的两倍。

The company expects revenue this quarter to increase by 170%, year on year. 英伟达预计本季度收入将同比增长170%。

Its share price is up by 240% since the start of January.

自1月初以来，英伟达股价上涨了240%。

Novo Nordisk’s stock surged after the company released the full results from a study showing that its weight-loss drug, Wegovy, reduces the risk of having a heart attack, stroke or dying by 20% in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease.

诺和诺德公司公布了一项减肥药的全部研究结果后股价飙升。这项研究显示，其减肥药Wegovy可将心血管病人患心脏病、中风或死亡的风险降低20%。

The mining industry saw its biggest deal in years, when a consortium led by Glencore agreed to pay $9bn for the steelmaking coal business of Teck Resources. 矿业迎来了多年来最大的一笔交易：一个由嘉能可(Glencore)牵头的财团同意斥资90亿美元收购泰克资源（Teck Resources）的炼钢煤炭业务。

The Swiss commodities company is taking a 77% stake, with Nippon Steel of Japan and POSCO of South Korea owning the rest. 这家瑞士大宗商品公司将持有77%的股份，其余股份由日本新日铁(Nippon Steel)和韩国浦项制铁(POSCO)持有。

Glencore will eventually merge¹⁰ its existing coal business with its new assets and spin off the new entity¹¹ on the stockmarket.

嘉能可最终将会把现有的煤炭业务与新资产合并，并将这个新的企业实体分拆上市。

Prices for the coking coal used in steelmaking have risen sharply this year.

用于炼钢的焦煤价格今年大幅上涨。

A private-equity group took a controlling stake in Joe & the Juice, a fast-growing purveyor¹² of sandwiches, organic juices and health shakes to the hipster crowd. 一家私募股权集团获得了Joe & the Juice的控股权。Joe & the Juice是一家快速增长的、向潮人提供三明治、有机果汁和健康奶昔的供应商。

The firm started in Denmark in 2002 and now has 360 stores around the world in the usual hipster hotspots, such as London, New York, San Francisco and Stockholm.

这家公司于2002年在丹麦成立，目前在伦敦、纽约、旧金山和斯德哥尔摩等常见的时尚热点地区拥有360家门店。

Foxconn warned that its revenues will fall slightly in 2023, even though it managed to post a surprise 11% rise in net profit in the latest quarter, year on year.

富士康警告称其2023年的营收将略有下降，尽管最近一个季度的净利润同比意外增长了11%。

The electronics contract manufacturer gets a big chunk¹³ of its income from Apple and sales of the new iPhone 15 have been lower than expected, especially in China.

这家电子产品合同制造商的很大一部分营收来自苹果，而新款iPhone 15的销量却低于预期，尤其是在中国。