VOA科学技术2024--Researchers: Climate Change Made Brazil's Floods Twice as Likely

（单词翻译）

A team of international researchers says that climate change made recent flooding in southern Brazil twice as likely to happen.

It also said that the El Ni?o Pacific Ocean current made the rains in Brazil more severe.

Last month, flooding killed more than 170 people and displaced¹ nearly 580,000 in Brazil's southern state of Rio Grande do Sul. Local officials said it was the worst disaster in the area's history.

A network of experts called World Weather Attribution² said that the heavy rainfall in Rio Grande do Sul was an "extremely rare" event. The group said it expects such an event to happen only once every 100 to 250 years. However, the group added, it would have been even rarer without the effects of burning fossil³ fuel.

The experts at World Weather Attribution also said the flooding was six to nine percent more severe than it would have been without climate change. The experts combined weather observations with results from climate models to make their estimates⁴.

Lincoln Alves is with Brazil's space research center INPE. Alves said, "The climate in Brazil has already changed." He said that the study "confirms that human activities have contributed to more intense⁵ and frequent extreme events..." He added that the flooding showed Brazil's vulnerability⁶ to climate change.

The researchers said that the El Ni?o Pacific Ocean current also played a part in the flooding in Brazil. Experts say the El Ni?o phenomenon contributes to higher temperatures in many parts of the world. It also brings increased rainfall and flood risk to parts of the Americas.

The scientists added that failure of important infrastructure⁷, deforestation, and the fast growth of cities helped to increase the effects of the disaster. The flooding affected⁸ Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul. The city is home to 1.3 million people.

Regina Rodrigues is a researcher at the Federal⁹ University of Santa Catarina. She said that good flood protection infrastructure and the right urban planning are needed to reduce the effect of "such extreme events."

Words in This Story

fossil fuel -n. fuels including oil, coal or natural gas

model -n. a set of information from the past that is used to make predictions about the future

contribute -v. to help something come about

phenomenon -n. something that happens in nature that can be observed and studied

vulnerability -n. a weakness; a condition of being easily damaged or harmed

infrastructure -n. structures like dams, bridges, and drainage¹⁰ that are deeded to have modern civilization

deforestation -n. the process of cutting down trees in large numbers without replacing them