2020年经济学人 巴托比职场专栏--年轻人的工作偏好和就业市场不匹配(3)

（单词翻译）

Things are even worse in technology. In Britain only one in ?ve computer-science university students is a woman—a big problem at a time when the World Economic Forum¹ predicts that technology will create more than a quarter of all jobs in newly emerging professions. But women are underrepresented in some important ?elds of technology; they have only 12% of jobs in cloud computing², for example. Something about the tech industry puts o? female applicants³.

科技行业的情况更糟。世界经济论坛预测，在英国的新兴职业中，技术将创造超过四分之一的就业岗位，而只有五分之一的计算机科学大学生是女性，这是个大问题。而在一些重要的技术领域，女性的比例偏低；例如，只有12%女性的工作在云计算领域。科技行业的某些东西让女性申请者望而却步。

Women play a much bigger role in the health- and social-care sectors⁴, which are also poised⁵ for expansion. The bls forecasts that eight of the 12 fastest-growing jobs in America over the next few years will be in those areas, with roles ranging from occupational-therapy assistants to genetic⁶ counsellors. The snag is that some of these jobs are not very well paid. Home-health and personal-care aides (with the third- and fourth-fastest growth rates, respectively) had median annual salaries in 2018 of just over $24,000.

妇女在保健和社会保健部门发挥更大的作用，这些部门也准备扩大。劳工统计局预测，未来几年美国12个增长最快的工作中有8个将属于这些领域，从职业治疗助理到基因顾问。问题是，其中一些工作的薪水并不高。家庭健康和个人护理助理(增长率分别位居第三和第四)2018年的平均年薪略高于2.4万美元。

Some jobs in health care are extremely lucrative⁷, of course. But another gender⁸ imbalance emerges here: women make up only one-third of American health-care executives. In contrast, they tend to dominate the poorly paid social-care workforce⁹. In Britain 83% of social-care workers are female. That suggests men shun¹⁰ the ?eld, perhaps because they do not perceive caring to be a masculine trait.

当然，医疗行业的一些工作薪水丰厚。但这里出现了另一种性别失衡：医疗行业高管中女性的比例仅为三分之一。相比之下，低收入的社会护理劳动力则更多为女性。在英国，83%的社会福利工作者是女性。这表明男性回避这个领域，也许是因为男性认为护理工作太不具有男性特征了。

The biggest problem in the labour market, then, may not be that teenagers are focusing on a few well-known jobs. It could be a mismatch: not enough talented women move into technology and not enough men take jobs in social care. Any economist¹¹ will recognise this as an ine?cient use of resources. Wherever the root of the problem lies—be it the education system, government policy or corporate¹² recruiting practices—it needs to be identi?ed and ?xed.

因此，劳动力市场的最大问题可能不是青少年专注于一些众所周知的工作。这可能是一种错位：没有足够多的有才华的女性进入科技行业，也没有足够多的男性从事社会福利工作。任何经济学家都会认识到，这是一种对资源的低效利用。无论问题的根源在哪里——无论是教育体系、政府政策还是企业招聘实践——都需要加以识别和修正。