SSS 2010-06-01

（单词翻译）

This is Scientific America's 60-Second Science. I am Karen Hopkin. This’ll just take a minute.

Mmm, sticky rice. It’s a glutinous¹ side dish that’s perfect for practicing your chopstick skills, for sopping² up curry³ sauce and, amazingly, for building really strong pagodas⁴.

The Chinese have been building with mortar⁵ made from sticky rice and limestone⁶ since the time of the Ming Dynasty. Now scientists have figured out this ancient secret, in a study in the journal Accounts of Chemical Research.

Mud is probably the oldest mortar used to hold together bricks or stones. About 5,000 years ago, China started producing lime for construction. At least 1,500 years ago Chinese masons discovered that mixing in sticky rice soup makes lime even stronger.

Some tombs and city walls that were reinforced with the stuff are still standing⁷. They’ve survived earthquakes and even modern bulldozers. The key, say the chemists, is amylopectin, a component⁸ of starch⁹ that interacts with the calcium¹⁰ carbonate in limestone to form a mortar that’s more water-resistant and less prone¹¹ to shrinkage than lime mortar alone.

And that’s true even today. In 2006 traditional sticky rice mortar was used to restore the Shouchang bridge, built some eight centuries ago. Because even for an ancient stone bridge, sometimes sticky rice hits the spot.

Thanks for the minute for Scientific America's 60-Second Science. I am Karen Hopkin.