新视野大学英语 读写教程第一册 unit10-a

（单词翻译）

Unit 10

Section A

Pre-reading Activities

First Listening
Having ideas about a story before you read it is an important reading skill. Please listen to a very short piece of recording¹.

Second Listening
Now listen to the recording for the second time and try to the best of your ability to answer the following questions.
1. What must you have in order to be honest?
2. What are the three principles that constitute honesty?
3. What two qualities help make relationships stronger?

Being Honest and Open

My grandparents believed that you were either honest or you were not. There was no middle point. They had a simple saying hanging on their living-room wall: "Life is like a field of newly fallen snow. Where I choose to walk every step will show." They didn't have to talk about it; they demonstrated this truth by their life style.
They understood instinctively² that integrity involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries that does not sell out to convenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand. Integrity is an inner compass for judging your behavior.
Unfortunately, integrity is in short supply today — and getting scarcer. But it is the real bottom line in every area of society and a discipline we must demand of ourselves. A good test for this value is to apply what I call the "Integrity Triangle", which consists of three key principles:
Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure. There's a story told about a surgical³ nurse's assistance during her first day on the medical team at a well-known hospital. She was responsible for ensuring that all surgical instruments and materials were accounted for during an operation. The nurse said to the surgeon, "You've only removed 11 sponges, and we used 12. We need to find the last one."
"I removed them all," the surgeon assured her. "We'll close now."
"You can’t do that, sir," protested the nurse. "Think of the patient."
Smiling, the surgeon lifted his foot and showed the nurse the twelfth sponge. "You'll do just fine in this or any other hospital," he assured her.
When you know you're right, you can't concede.
Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be more intelligent than you are.
David Ogilvy, founder⁴ of the advertising⁵ firm Ogilvy & Mather, clarified this point to his newly appointed office heads by sending each of them a Russian nesting doll with five progressively smaller figures inside.
His message was contained in the smallest doll: "If each of us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs⁶. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy & Mather will become a company of giants." And that is precisely⁷ what O & M became — one of the largest and most respected advertising organizations in the world.
Be honest and open about who you really are. People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors — their looks or status — in order to feel good about themselves. Inevitably⁸ they will do everything they can to preserve this false mask, but they will do very little to enhance their inner value and personal growth.
So be yourself. Don't engage in a personal cover-up of areas that are unpleasing in your life. "Tough times never last but tough people do," as Robert Schuller says. In other words, face reality and be mature in your responses to life’s challenges.
Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components¹⁰ of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others. Integrity means you do what you do because it's right and not just fashionable or politically correct. A life of principle, of not yielding to the tempting¹² attractions of an easy morality, will always win the day. It will take you forward into the twenty-first century without having to check your tracks in a rear-view mirror. My grandparents taught me that.

Words: 596
NEW WORDS

living-room
n. a main room for general use in a house 客厅

demonstrate
vt. show clearly 演示；证明
vi. take part in a march or meeting to protest or to make demands 参加游行；示威

▲integrity
n. honesty 诚实；正直

▲morality
n. 1. moral values; right or wrong 道德
2. quality; goodness 德行

boundary
n. 1. (figurative) limit 界限；局限
2. dividing line 分界线

convenience
n. 1. comfort 舒适；便利
2. usefulness 有用；方便

inner
a. 1. unexpressed; secret 内心的；未表达出来的
2. inside 内在的；内部的

compass
n. 1. an instrument for showing direction, with a needle that points to the north 指南针
2. an instrument for drawing circles 圆规

scarce
a. not much or many compared with what is wanted; hard to find 稀少

apply
v. 1. give or have an effect; use for a purpose（使）产生作用，适用于；运用
2. request officially 申请
3. cause to work hard; devote 致力于

triangle
n. a figure or shape with 3 straight sides and 3 corners 三角（形）

consist
vi. (of) be made up of 由……组成

assistance
n. [U](formal) help or support 帮助，援助

ensure
vt. 1. make sure or certain 确保，担保
2. make sure of getting; secure 保证得到

▲surgeon
n. a doctor who does surgery 外科医生

▲sponge
n. a simple sea animal with a rubber-like body; a piece of plastic or rubber material full of holes used for washing, cleaning, etc. 海绵

assure
vt. 1. tell positively¹³ or confidently 郑重告知
2. make (oneself) sure or certain; convince 使确信

protest
v. 1. make complaint; object 反对；抗议
2. declare seriously 宣称；声明
n. 1. a statement that denies or objects 抗议
2. a serious statement 宣称；声明

concede
v. 1. yield 让步
2. admit as true, often unwillingly¹⁴ 承认

intelligent
a. clever 聪明

clarify
vt. make clear; explain 弄清楚；解释

appoint
vt. choose (someone) for a job, a position, etc. 任命

nest
vi. build or use as a nest 筑巢
n. a depressed¹⁵ place built or found by a bird for a home and a place to hold its eggs 巢

doll
n. a small figure of a person, especially for a child to play with 洋娃娃

progressive
a. 1. moving forward continuously or by stages 连续的；一步一步的
2. improving or changing according to new ideas 不断改善的

progressively
ad. in a way of going from one to the next; step by step in sequence; bit by bit 逐步；逐渐

▲dwarf
n. a person of much less than usual size 侏儒
vt. cause to appear small by comparison（由于对比）使显得矮小

giant
n. 1. a person who is much bigger than usual 巨人
2. (figurative) a person of great ability 伟人
a. unusually large or important 巨大的；重要的
genuine
a. real; true 真实的

core
n. 1. (figurative) the central or most important part 中心或重要部分
2. the hard, central part, containing the seeds, of fruits like apples and pears 核

rely
vi. (on) trust; have confidence in 依靠；依赖

external
a. 1. (figurative) easily seen but not essential; on the surface 外在的；表面的
2. outside 外部的；外面的

inevitable¹⁶
a. which cannot be prevented from happening 不可避免的

inevitably
ad. unavoidably; certainly 不可避免地

preserve
vt. 1. keep; protect 保持；保护
2. store 储存

mask
n. a covering for the face to hide or protect it 面具；面罩
vt. 1. put a mask over 戴面具
2. hide 掩盖

tough
a. 1. hard; difficult 很难的
2. strong 结实的；有力的

conscience
n. the sense of right and wrong 良心；良知

component⁹
n. a necessary or essential part 成分；部件

basis
n. (pl. bases) 1. foundation 基础
2. the main part; base 主体；基地

▲enrich
vt. 1. improve 改善；改进
2. make rich or richer 使丰富

relationship
n. 1. friendship or connection between people 亲属关系；友好关系
2. connection 关系；联系

fashionable
a. popular; following the fashion 时髦的；时尚的

yield
v. 1. give up; quit 屈服；放弃
2. produce 出产；生产

tempt¹¹
vt. draw in; invite 诱惑

attraction
n. 1. (figurative) drawing power; pull 魅力
2. a thing that delights or attracts people 吸引人的东西

rear
a. at the back; in the back 后面的
n. the back part; back 后面；背后

rear-view
n. a sight of what is behind 后视

mirror
n. a piece of glass in which one can see oneself 镜子
vt. show; reflect 折射
PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS

middle point
(figurative) a position which is between two very different ones 中间道路；折中

sell out (to)
let down one's cause or one's side (to sb.) 背叛事业或立场

at hand
1. near in time or place 即将到来；近在手边
2. being considered 在考虑之中

in short supply
not enough; not quite available 缺货；短缺

the bottom line
the most important factor; the main or essential point 重要因素；关键的东西

demand of
expect (sth.) from (sb. or sth.) 期待；要求

consist of
be made up of 由……组成

stand for
1. hold (an opinion); mean or believe (sth. such as a principle) 主张；相信
2. accept or bear (sth. bad); bear with 承受；忍受
3. represent 代表

account for
1. give a statement about sth. (esp. money) 对（钱等）东西做交代
2. be or give a reason for (sth. or doing sth.) 说明（原因）；解释（原因）
think of
1. take into account; have... in one's mind 考虑；为……设想
2. have thoughts concerning (sb. or sth.) 回想，想起
3. imagine (sth. or doing sth.) 想像

do fine
do a good job 干得很好

give (the) credit
give (sb.) praise (for sth.) 赞扬

rely on/upon
depend on/upon 依赖；依靠

feel good
feel happy, confident, pleased with oneself 感觉好

engage in
1. (cause to) take part in or work at (sth.); make (oneself) busy in (sth. or doing sth.) 参与
2. cause (sb. or sth.) to be concerned in (sth.)（使）关心

in other words
that is (to say); put a different way; differently expressed 换言之

win the day
(also carry/gain the day) win in a competition, etc.; be successful 赢；成功
PROPER NAMES

David Ogilvy
大卫·奥格尔维（人名）

Ogilvy & Mather
奥美广告公司

Russia
俄国（地名）

Russian
a. 1. 俄国的；俄罗斯的
2. 俄国人的；俄罗斯人的
3. 俄语的
n. 1. 俄国人；俄罗斯人
2. 俄语

Robert Schuller
罗伯特·舒勒（人名）