全国公共英语等级考试四级 d1

（单词翻译）

　　[00:00.00]Part B   You will hear a lecture on movie making.
[00:06.84]Answer questions 6--10 while you listen.
[00:12.23]Use not more than 5 words for each answer.
[00:17.82]You will hear the recording¹ twice.
[00:21.92]You now have 25 seconds to read the questions.
[00:27.30]1.What kind of camera shots were generally used before Griffith's days?
[00:29.28]2.What was first used in the film For Love of Gold?
[00:33.62]3.For what purpose was the close-up used in The Great Train Robbery?
[00:37.30]4.When was the film After Many Years produced?
[00:42.79]5.Where was Annie Lee's husband in After Many Years?
[00:48.14]Today I would like to talk about the early days of movie making
[00:56.14]in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
[01:01.83]Before the pioneering films of D.W.Griffith's,
[01:07.74]film-makers were limited by several misguided conventions of the era.
[01:14.74]According to one,the camera was always fixed² at a viewpoint
[01:21.74]corresponding to that of the spectator in the theater,
[01:27.22]a position now known as the long shot.
[01:32.50]It was another convention
[01:36.47]that the position of the camera never changed in the middle of a scene.
[01:42.56]In last week's film,we saw how Griffith ignored both these limiting conventions
[01:50.55]and brought the camera closer to the actor.
[01:55.67]This shot,now known as the full shot,
[02:01.26]was considered revolutionary at the time.
[02:06.35]For Love of Gold
[02:11.06]was the name of the film in which we saw the first use of the full shot.
[02:17.77]After progressing from the long shot to the full shot,
[02:23.96]the next logical step for Griffith was to bring in the camera still closer,
[02:31.67]in what is now called the close-up.
[02:36.26]The close-up had been used before,
[02:41.46]though only rarely and merely as a visual stunt³,
[02:47.37]as for example in Edwin Espoter's.
[02:52.67]The Great Train Robbery,which was made in 1903.
[02:59.17]But not until 1908 in Griffith's movie called After Many Years
[03:07.56]was the dramatic potential of the close-up first exploited.
[03:13.96]In a scene from After Many years that we are about to see,
[03:20.67]pay special attention to the close-up of Annie Lee's worried face
[03:26.37]as she awaits her husband's return.
[03:30.96]In 1908 this close-up shocked everyone in the movie making world,
[03:38.46]but Griffith had no time for argument.
[03:43.37]He had another surprise even more radical⁴ to offer.
[03:49.17]Immediately following the close-up of Annie,
[03:54.58]he inserted a picture of the object of her thought
[04:00.67]--her husband,cast away on a desert isle⁵.
[04:06.28]This cutting from one scene to another without finishing either of them
[04:13.96]brought a torrent⁶ of criticism on the experimenter.
[04:19.34]That'll be our next week's topic.
[04:23.94]Now let's watch Griffith's After Many Years.
[04:30.34]1.What kind of camera shots were generally used before Griffith's days?
[04:35.85]2.What was first used in the film For Love of Gold?
[04:42.85]3.For what purpose was the close-up used in The Great Train Robbery?
[04:48.34]4.When was the film After Many Years produced?
[04:51.32]5.Where was Annie Lee's husband in After Many Years?
[04:57.22]Now you will hear the recording again.
[05:03.02]Today I would like to talk about the early days of movie making
[05:12.03]in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
[05:17.44]Before the pioneering films of D.W.Griffith's,
[05:23.84]film-makers were limited by several misguided conventions of the era.
[05:30.84]According to one,the camera was always fixed at a viewpoint
[05:37.63]corresponding to that of the spectator in the theater,
[05:43.04]a position now known as the long shot.
[05:48.13]It was another convention
[05:52.52]that the position of the camera never changed in the middle of a scene.
[05:58.61]In last week's film,we saw how Griffith ignored both these limiting conventions
[06:06.00]and brought the camera closer to the actor.
[06:11.20]This shot,now known as the full shot,
[06:16.92]was considered revolutionary at the time.
[06:22.01]For Love of Gold
[06:26.72]was the name of the film in which we saw the first use of the full shot.
[06:33.12]After progressing from the long shot to the full shot,
[06:39.31]the next logical step for Griffith was to bring in the camera still closer,
[06:46.80]in what is now called the close-up.
[06:51.61]The close-up had been used before,
[06:56.52]though only rarely and merely as a visual stunt,
[07:02.40]as for example in Edwin Espoter's The Great Train Robbery,
[07:09.69]which was made in 1903.
[07:14.18]But not until 1908 in Griffith's movie called After Many Years
[07:22.80]was the dramatic potential of the close-up first exploited.
[07:29.70]In a scene from After Many years that we are about to see,
[07:36.70]pay special attention to the close-up of Annie Lee's worried face
[07:43.78]as she awaits her husband's return.
[07:48.45]In 1908 this close-up shocked everyone in the movie making world,
[07:56.73]but Griffith had no time for argument.
[08:01.83]He had another surprise even more radical to offer.
[08:08.02]Immediately following the close-up of Annie,
[08:13.43]he inserted a picture of the object of her thought
[08:19.23]--her husband,cast away on a desert isle.
[08:24.92]This cutting from one scene to another
[08:29.81]without finishing either of them
[08:34.19]brought a torrent of criticism on the experimenter.
[08:39.78]That'll be our next week's topic.
[08:44.17]Now let's watch Griffith's After Many Years.