Gorbachev Slams Russian PM On Democracy

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　　Gorbachev spoke² to the BBC in an interview Thursday, on the eve of the 20th anniversary of a failed coup³ aimed at removing him from power.  The coup attempt on August 19, 1991, and the events that followed led to the collapse⁴ of the Soviet Union.

　　The former Soviet leader said  Putin's efforts to build stability have resulted in stagnation⁵.  He said that while the former Soviet electoral system was nothing remarkable⁶,  Putin's team, in his words, literally⁷ castrated it.

　　As president, Putin reformed the electoral system to allow Russians to vote only for political parties rather than specific candidates in parliamentary elections.  He also ended the popular election of governors and independent lawmakers.

　　Gorbachev acknowledged that the Putin years have seen some successes, but said Russia now needs direct elections and new leadership.

　　Earlier this week,  Gorbachev told The Guardian⁸ that Russian President Dmitry Medvedev is being outmaneuvered and outsmarted by Putin, who is now prime minister.  He said Medvedev's attempts to modernize⁹ Russia are blocked by his powerful prime minister.

　　Gorbachev turned 80 in March.  He received the Nobel peace Prize in 1990, and is widely recognized for helping¹⁰ end decades-long East-West confrontation¹¹.

　　The August coup of 1991 was defeated within 60 hours by pro-democracy crowds in Moscow that faced down tanks.  Officials across the communist country abandoned the Soviet bureaucracy and pledged their loyalty¹² to the newly elected Russian administration of Boris Yeltsin.

　　The huge multinational¹³ state soon fell apart as the constituent¹⁴ republics one after another demanded independence.

　　Gorbachev resigned on Christmas Day 1991, and the red hammer-and-sickle Soviet flag was pulled down from the Kremlin.

　　Although Gorbachev initially¹⁵ welcomed Putin, he has grown increasingly critical of Putin over the years.

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