在线英语听力室

2012年职称英语考试重点语法指导:动词

时间:2012-02-24 03:18:31

(单词翻译:单击)

   从一定意义上讲,英语语法就是动词的语法,因此,掌握动词的特性、变化、句型是学习英语语法的重中之重。为了能更好地理解下面的讲课内容,首先要搞清动词的几个基本概念。

  1) be 动词和do动词:be动词也称状态动词,用于说明状态或性质,主要用于构成英语的主系表句型;do动词也称为行为动词,分及物动词和不及物动词;
  2) 及物动词和不及物动词:不及物动词后面不跟宾语, 也没有被动语态; 及物动词后面一定要有宾语;
  3) 双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)结构和复合宾语(宾语 + 宾语补足语)结构:比较下面两个句子:
  My mother made me a cake.(母亲给我做了块蛋糕。)
  My father made me a doctor. (父亲把我培养成一名医生。)
  第一句是双宾语结构,即 My mother made a cake for me.
  第二句是复合宾语结构,其句法功能为:My father made me (to) be a doctor (I am a doctor)。 说明复合宾语结构中,宾语和宾语补足语之间有“主谓关系”。
  4) 情态动词:must, should, ought to, can, may, need, used to 等动词称为情态动词,有三大特征:A. 不受主语人称和数的影响,如:He may go now. / May I go now? 句中may的形式不变;B. 否定时在后面加not, 如:You ought not to have cheated her. C. 与另一动词连用,中间不用 + “ to ”, 如上举例。
  请根据上述原则,(从语法角度)说出以下那种表达方式是对的:
  A. She needs to see a doctor.
  B. She doesn‘t need to see a doctor.
  C. Does she need to see a doctor?
  D. She needs not see a doctor.
  E. She needn’t see a doctor.
  F. She doesn‘t need see a doctor.
  G. She needs see a doctor.
  从语法角度看,A、B、C、E是对的。
  5) 助动词:帮助实意动词构成某种结构的词,如: He did come yesterday; I saw him in the office.(他昨天确实来了;我在办公室见到他的。—— 表示强调)

分享到:


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

0 office 0vry6     
n.办公室,办事处,事务所;职务,职责,功能
参考例句:
  • I walked to the office.我朝办公室走去。
  • I went back to the ticket office at once.我马上返回售票处。
0 needs znUzC6     
adv.必需,一定,务必
参考例句:
  • She wasn't yet attuned to her baby's needs. 她还没有熟悉她宝宝的需要。
  • Your hair needs a good comb. 你的头发得好好梳理一下。
0 cheated 214fac42cdf90b6e863ac6bf012c1b38     
欺骗,哄骗( cheat的过去式和过去分词 ); (尤指在游戏、比赛、考试等中)欺诈; 作弊; 已婚或有固定性伙伴的人与他人有秘密性关系
参考例句:
  • They were full of righteous indignation at the thought of being cheated. 一想到受骗了他们就义愤填膺。
  • The farmer felt the cow,went away,returned,sorely perplexed,always afraid of being cheated. 那农民摸摸那头牛,走了又回来,犹豫不决,总怕上当受骗。
0 doctor A8zyp     
n.医生;博士;vt.篡改,对…做手脚
参考例句:
  • Mr.Smith is a doctor of laws.史密斯先生是法学博士。
  • He must be a doctor.他一定是个大夫。
0 made hAgx2     
v.make的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
  • The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。
0 need 7GIxk     
vt.需要,要;aux.必须,不得不;n.需要,必要;需用的东西,需求
参考例句:
  • We'll be happy to help if you need us.如果你需要的话,我们将乐意帮助。
  • There is no need to shout angry words at me.用不着冲我嚷。
0 yesterday RfdwO     
n.昨天,昨日;adv.昨天,昨日
参考例句:
  • What did you do yesterday?你昨天干什么了?
  • I lost my wallet yesterday.我昨天丢了钱包。
0 e e1671797c52e15f763380b45e841ec32     
n.英语字母表的第5个字母;C大调音阶中的第三音
参考例句:
  • The "e" in " time" is a silent letter. time中的e不发音。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • You've made a mistake -- you've left out the letter e. 你出了一个错,把字母e 落了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
0 ought XJKx4     
v.aux.应该,大概;n.责任
参考例句:
  • Ought I to hand in the homework today?我应当在今天交上作业吗?
  • They ought to be here by now.他们这个时候该到了。
0 used ajBwV     
adj.用旧了的,旧的;习惯于…;过去惯/经常
参考例句:
  • I used to work until nearly 6:00 o'clock each day.我过去常常工作到6:00左右。
  • He used to walk anywhere from two to five miles an hour.他过去经常一小时走二至五英里。
0 cake tTwyz     
n.饼,糕,蛋糕,点心
参考例句:
  • Please cook a cake for the little boy.请给这个小男孩做个蛋糕。
  • Mmm!This cake is delicious!嗯!这蛋糕很好吃!
0 did SvwxP     
v.动词do的过去式
参考例句:
  • How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
  • Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
0 father 7l3xU     
n.父亲;创始人,发明者;(Father)神父
参考例句:
  • One day a letter from my father arrived at the school.有一天,学校收到了我父亲的一封信。
  • My father often speaks of my grandmother.我爸爸常常提起我的祖母。
0 mother dE0xW     
n.母亲,妈妈
参考例句:
  • My mother gave me a kiss on the forehead.妈妈吻了我的前额。
  • Where is my mother?我的妈妈在哪里?
0 saw ts3yA     
vbl.看见(see的过去式);n.锯;v.用锯子锯
参考例句:
  • Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗?
  • The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你,就知道你在生我的气。