21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册 Unit4

（单词翻译）

Unit 4

Text A

Listening

First Listening
Before listen to the tape, have a quick look at the following words.

wrinkled
有皱纹的

laundry
付洗衣物

bundle
捆，包

complain
抱怨

respond
回答

Second Listening
Listen to the tape again. Then, choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Which of the following best describes the washwoman?
A) Tall and strong.
B) Tall, but weak.
C) Small, old, and weak.
D) Small and old, but strong.
2. Why did the family appreciate the washwoman so much?
A) She charged the lowest price for laundry.
B) She was reliable and independent.
C) She was funny and entertaining.
D) They liked to hear her tell stories.
3. Why did the family become worried about the washwoman?
A) She did not reappear with their laundry.
B) They heard that she was sick.
C) She threatened to quit.
D) She drank too much tea.
4. What happened to the washwoman at the end of the story?
A) She decided¹ to raise her prices.
B) She decided to move to another city.
C) She went to live with her son.
D) She never returned for more laundry.

Pre-reading Questions

1. Think of a person you know who continues to work hard in his/her old age. Describe this person to your classmates. What is he/she like? What does he/she do? Why do you think he/she still works?
2.This short story is about a woman who continued to work hard in her old age because she "did not want to become a burden." What do you suppose this phrase means?

The Washwoman

Isaac Bashevis Singer

She was a small woman, old and wrinkled. When she started washing for us, she was already past seventy. Most Jewish women of her age were sickly and weak. All the old women in our street had bent² backs and leaned on sticks when they walked. But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed³ a strength that came from generations of peasant forebears. Mother would count out to her a bundle of laundry that had accumulated over several weeks. She would then lift the bundle, put it on her narrow shoulders, and carry it the long way home.
She would bring the laundry back about two weeks later. My mother had never been so pleased with any washwoman. Yet she charged no more than the others. She was a real find. Mother always had her money ready, because it was too far for the old woman to come a second time.
Laundering⁵ was not easy in those days. The old woman had no running water where she lived but had to bring in the water from a pump. And the drying! It could not be done outside because thieves would steal the laundry. So it had to be carried up to the attic⁶ and hung on clotheslines. Only God knows what the old woman had to endure each time she did a wash!
She could have begged at the church door or entered a home for the penniless and aged⁷. But there was in her a certain pride and love of labor⁸ with which many members of the labor force have been blessed. The old woman did not want to become a burden, and so she bore her burden.
The woman had a son who was rich. He was ashamed of his mother, and never came to see her. Nor did he ever give her money. The old woman told this without bitterness. When the son got married, the wedding took place in a church. The son had not invited the old mother to his wedding, but she went to the church anyway and waited at the steps to see her son lead the bride to the altar.
One day the washwoman, now nearly eighty years old, came to our house. A good deal of laundry had accumulated during the past weeks. Mother gave her a pot of tea to warm herself, as well as some bread. The old woman sat on a kitchen chair trembling and shaking, and warmed her hands against the teapot. Her fingernails were strangely white. These hands spoke⁹ of the stubbornness of mankind, of the will to work not only as one's strength permits but beyond the limits of one's power. It was sad to watch the old woman stagger out with the big bundle and disappear.
Usually the woman brought back the wash after two or, at the most, three weeks. But three weeks passed, then four and five, and nothing was heard of the old woman.
For us the washwoman's absence was a catastrophe¹⁰. We needed the laundry. We did not even know the woman's address. It seemed certain that she had collapsed¹², died. Mother declared she had had a premonition that we would never see our things again. We mourned, both for the laundry and for the old woman who had grown close to us through the years she had served us so faithfully.
More than two months passed. One evening, while Mother was sitting near the lamp mending a shirt, the door opened and a small puff¹³ of steam, followed by a huge bundle, entered. Under the bundle tottered¹⁵ the old woman, her face as white as a linen¹⁶ sheet. Mother uttered a half-choked cry, as though a corpse¹⁷ had entered the room. I ran toward the old woman and helped her unload her bundle. She was even thinner now, more bent. She could not utter a clear word, but mumbled¹⁹ something with her sunken mouth and pale lips.
After the old woman had recovered somewhat, she told us that she had been ill, very ill. In fact, she had been so sick that someone had called a doctor, and the doctor had sent for a priest. Someone had informed the son, and he had contributed money for a coffin²⁰. But God had not yet wanted to take this poor soul to Himself. She began to feel better, she became well, and as soon as she was able to stand on her feet once more, she resumed her washing. Not just ours, but the wash of several other families too.
"I could not rest easy in my bed because of the wash," the old woman explained. "The wash would not let me die."
"With the help of God you will live to be a hundred and twenty," said my mother.
"God forbid! What good would such a long life be? The work becomes harder and harder ... my strength is leaving me ... I do not want to be a burden on any one!" The old woman muttered, crossed herself, and raised her eyes toward heaven. After getting paid, she left, promising²¹ to return in a few weeks for a new load of wash.
But she never came back. The wash she had returned was her last effort on this earth. She had been driven by a strong will to return the property to its owners, to fulfill²² the task she had undertaken.
(898 words)

New Words

washwoman
n. 洗衣妇

wrinkled
a. having or showing small folds or lines in the skin 有皱纹的

*wrinkle
vi. (esp. of the skin) form into lines, folds, etc. 起皱纹
n. 皱纹

Jewish
a. of the Jews 犹太人的

sickly
a. often ill 常病的

possess
vt. own, have 拥有，具有

generation
n. a single stage or step in family descent 代，一代

for(e)bear
n. [常用复数] 祖先

bundle
n. (of) a number of articles tied, fastened or held together, usu. across the middle 捆，束，包

laundry
n. 1. clothes, sheets, etc., that need to be washed or have just been washed 付洗衣物；已洗好的衣物
2. a place or business where clothes, etc., are washed and ironed 洗衣房，洗衣店

accumulate
vi. gradually increase in numbers or amount until there is a large quantity in one place 积累，积聚

launder⁴
vi. wash and iron clothes, sheets, etc. 洗熨衣物

pump
n. 泵，抽（水）机

attic
n. 阁楼；顶楼

clothesline
n. 晾衣绳

endure
vt. suffer, undergo (pain, hardship, etc.) 忍受（痛苦、困难等），耐住

penniless
a. 身无分文的

*bless
vt. (with) 使具有，使有权得到

bear(bore, borne)
vt. take (responsibility, etc.) on oneself 承担（责任等）

wedding
n. a marriage ceremony, esp. with a party or meal after a church service 婚礼

bride
n. 新娘

altar
n. （教堂内的）圣坛，祭坛

kitchen
n. 厨房，灶间

teapot
n. 茶壶

fingernail
n. 指甲

stubbornness
n. 倔强；顽强

*stubborn
a. 1. 顽固的, 倔强的
2. 顽强的, 坚持的

*stagger
vi. have trouble standing²³ or walking; move unsteadily on one's feet 摇晃着移动; 蹒跚
n. 摇晃不稳的动作; 蹒跚

*catastrophe
n. a terrible event that causes great suffering, misfortune, or ruin 灾难，灾祸，大祸

collapse¹¹
vi. （健康等）垮掉；倒坍

premonition
n. 预感

*mourn
vi. (for, over) feel and/or show grief, esp. for the death of someone; be sorrowful（尤指对某人的亡故）感到悲痛；哀悼

faithfully
ad. 1. with faith 忠实地
2. exactly 如实地；确切地

faithful
a. 1. loyal and true (to sb., to a cause, etc.) 忠实的，忠诚的
2. true to the facts or to an original 如实的

puff
n. a sudden short rush of air, smoke, etc.（空气、烟雾等的）一阵，一股

totter¹⁴
vi. walk with weak unsteady steps 蹒跚，踉跄

*linen
a. 亚麻（布）的
n. 亚麻布（或线）；亚麻织品（床单、被单、桌布等）

utter
vt. make (a sound); say 发出（声音）；说，讲

half-choked
a. 半哽住的

*corpse
n. 死尸，尸体

unload
vt. 1. have (a load) removed 卸（货）
2. remove a load from (sth.) 从 … 卸下货物
vi. 卸货

mumble¹⁸
v. speak (words) unclearly 含糊地说（话），咕哝

sunken
a. 下陷的；凹陷的

recover
vi. (from) return to the usual state of health, strength, ability, etc. 痊愈，复原；恢复

somewhat
ad. by some degree or amount; a little 稍微，有点

priest
n. 牧师，神父

inform
vt. (of, about) tell, give information to 告诉，通知

contribute
vt. join with others in giving (money, help, etc.) 捐（款），贡献，提供（帮助）

coffin
n. 棺材

resume
vt. begin (sth. or doing sth.) again after a pause （中断后）重新开始，继续

*mutter
vt. 轻声含糊地说

load
n. 一包（洗的衣物）；负荷，负载
vt. 装（货或人）；把货物（或人）装上（车、船、飞机等）

property
n. 财产；所有物

fulfil,-fill
vt. do or perform (a duty, task, etc.) 履行，完成

*undertake(undertook，undertaken)
vt. accept responsibility for (a piece of work) and start to do it 承担

Phrases and Expressions

lean on
rest in a sloping position on for support 靠在 …上，倚在 …上

count out
count one by one 逐一数出

be blessed with
be fortunate in having 有幸得到，具有

take place
举行，进行；发生，产生

a (good /great) deal of
quite a lot of 大量

speak of
suggest the idea of; show clearly that sth. happened or that it exists 显示；表明

at (the) most
not more than (the stated amount) 至多

hear of
receive news about (sb. or sth.) 获知…的消息，听到…的消息

stand /be on one's feet
站起；（病后）恢复健康

with the help of
在 … 的帮助下

God forbid!
May it not happen! 上天不容！

Proper Names

Isaac Bashevis Singer
艾萨克·巴希维兹·辛格（1904 - 1991，生于波兰的美国犹太作家）