英文科普：昆虫同样也有“性格”

（单词翻译:单击）

A new study in Science suggests that thrill-seeking is not limited to humans and other vertebrates（脊椎动物） . Some honey bees, too, are more likely than others to seek adventure. The brains of these novelty-seeking bees exhibit distinct patterns of gene¹ activity in molecular² pathways known to be associated with thrill-seeking in humans, researchers report. The findings offer a new window on the inner life of the honey bee hive, which once was viewed as a highly regimented（受管制的） colony of seemingly interchangeable workers taking on a few specific roles (nurse or forager³, for example) to serve their queen. Now it appears that individual honey bees actually differ in their desire or willingness to perform particular tasks, said University of Illinois entomology（昆虫学） professor and Institute for Genomic Biology director

Gene Robinson, who led the study. These differences may be due, in part, to variability in the bees' personalities⁴, he said.

"In humans, differences in novelty-seeking are a component⁵ of personality," he said. "Could insects also have personalities?"

Robinson and his colleagues studied two behaviors that looked like novelty-seeking in honey bees: scouting⁶ for nest sites and scouting for food.

When a colony of bees outgrows⁷ its living quarters, the hive divides and the swarm⁸ must find a suitable new home. At this moment of crisis, a few intrepid⁹ bees -- less than 5 percent of the swarm -- take off to hunt for a hive.

These bees, called nest scouts¹⁰, are on average 3.4 times more likely than their peers to also become food scouts, the researchers found.

"There is a gold standard for personality research and that is if you show the same tendency in different contexts, then that can be called a personality trait," Robinson said. Not only do certain bees exhibit signs of novelty-seeking, he said, but their willingness or eagerness to "go the extra mile" can be vital to the life of the hive.

The researchers wanted to determine the molecular basis for these differences in honey bee behavior. They used whole-genome microarray analysis to look for differences in the activity of thousands of genes¹¹ in the brains of scouts and non-scouts.

"People are trying to understand what is the basis of novelty-seeking behavior in humans and in animals," who Robinson, who also is affiliated（隶属，加入） with the Neuroscience Program at Illinois. "And a lot of the thinking has to do with the relationship between how the (brain's) reward system is engaged in response to some experience."

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