英文科普：云与空气

（单词翻译:单击）

"Bows and flows of angel hair, and ice cream castles in the air;" we've looked at clouds that way. But theinterface（界面，接口） between clouds and clear air isn't as well-defined as these imaginative shapes might lead us to believe. Detecting that hazy（朦胧的） line can help scientists to better understand the processes that lead to cloud formation, which is important for good weather forecasts and climate modeling. Now atmospheric¹ scientists from the University of Reading in the United Kingdom have designed a sunlight-measuring tool that uses the natural swinging and spinning of a rising weather balloon to distinguish clouds from clear air and may provide higher-resolution measurements of cloud boundaries than is currently possible. The researchers describe their device in a paper published in the American Institute of Physics' journal Review of Scientific Instruments.

Traditional cloud detection using weather balloons relies on measurements of temperature and relative humidity. The Reading researchers reasoned that they could sense clouds optically, using a simple and inexpensive design: a light sensor² carried on a weather balloon. This sensor responds to the intensity³ of light, producing a maximum reading when pointing directly at the Sun in clear air but reduced readings atoblique（斜的） angles to the Sun. As the sensor swings beneath a moving balloon, its orientation⁴ to the Sun changes continually, resulting in large fluctuations⁵（波动） in the sensor's light intensity readings in cloudless conditions. But inside a cloud -- where light intensity is roughly the same in all directions -- the fluctuations become much smaller. The team showed that cloud edges could be detected by looking for an abrupt⁶ change in the size of these fluctuations.

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