如何学习音标

时间：2012-04-11 07:40:05

（单词翻译:单击）

　　1、英国音是用 DJ (Daniel Jones 1881 – 1967 英国语音学家)音标(phonetic¹ symbols)。

　　2、美国音是用K.K.(John S. Kenyon 与 Thomas A. Knott美国语言学家)音标。

　　3、IPA 是International Phonetic Alphabet(国际音标，即英国音标)。

　　4、RP 是 Received Pronunciation 的缩写，翻译为「可接受的发音」，即英国国家广播公司(BBC)的英语，可谓标准英语，但仍谦称为「可接受的发音」。ting.24en.com

　　现在中学教材使用了新的音标符号，即 Daniel Jones 于1977年在English Pronouncing Dictionary( 第 14 版 ) 中所使用的新的音标符号。（主要是元音变化）。现在出版的字典每个单词大多注有国际音标，以英国丹尼尔.琼斯(Daniel Jones)的语音词典最新版本(15版)为依据，为读者提供标准英语发音。

　　Daniel Jones (1881 - 1967) was a British phonetician. He was a disciple² of Paul-Edouard Passy. He wrote The Pronunciation of English in 1909 and The outline of English Phonetics in 1918. This is considered to be the first comprehensive description of Received Pronunciation. He uses the term phoneme in the current sense.

　　Jones uses in his theory a two-parameter diagram to visualize³ how vowels⁵ are produced and he promoted the term cardinal⁶ vowel⁴. The two parameters⁷ are tongue height and lip-shape. Many later models at the end of the twentieth century are still based on this model. www.24en.com

　　Jones studied the phonetics of various languages. In particular for example he did an analysis of the tone in Tswana. He developed new alphabets for African and Indian languages.

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1 phonetic
adj.语言的，语言上的，表示语音的
参考例句：
Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。 English phonetic teaching is an important teaching step in elementary stages.语音教学是英语基础阶段重要的教学环节。

2 disciple
n.信徒，门徒，追随者
参考例句：
Your disciple failed to welcome you.你的徒弟没能迎接你。 He was an ardent disciple of Gandhi.他是甘地的忠实信徒。

3 visualize
vt.使看得见，使具体化，想象，设想
参考例句：
I remember meeting the man before but I can't visualize him.我记得以前见过那个人，但他的样子我想不起来了。 She couldn't visualize flying through space.她无法想像在太空中飞行的景象。

4 vowel
n.元音；元音字母
参考例句：
A long vowel is a long sound as in the word"shoe ".长元音即如“shoe” 一词中的长音。 The vowel in words like 'my' and 'thigh' is not very difficult.单词my和thigh中的元音并不难发。

5 vowels
n.元音，元音字母( vowel的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Vowels possess greater sonority than consonants. 元音比辅音响亮。来自《现代英汉综合大词典》 Note the various sounds of vowels followed by r. 注意r跟随的各种元音的发音。来自超越目标英语第3册

6 cardinal
n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的
参考例句：
This is a matter of cardinal significance.这是非常重要的事。 The Cardinal coloured with vexation. 红衣主教感到恼火，脸涨得通红。

7 parameters
因素，特征；界限；（限定性的）因素( parameter的名词复数 )；参量；参项；决定因素
参考例句：
We have to work within the parameters of time. 我们的工作受时间所限。 See parameters.cpp for a compilable example. This is part of the Spirit distribution. 可编译例子见parameters.cpp.这是Spirit分发包的组成部分。