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VOA标准英语2012--Numerous Encephalitis Cases Devastate North India

时间：2012-09-24 03:30:20

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Numerous Encephalitis Cases Devastate1 North India

In India every year, during the rainy monsoon2 season, hundreds of children die or become disabled, physically3 or mentally, after contracting Japanese encephalitis. Doctor K. P. Kushwaha is a senior pediatrician at a government hospital in Gorakhpur, in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. 

"We have the highest number of patients admitted in one day, which is 550 patients," said Kushwaha. "We have never got such figures in the past. In the current cases of encephalitis, the children not only have swelling4 in their brains, but their skin, kidney, liver and heart also show swelling.”

"Japanese encephalitis is interesting because it is in animals as well as in people. This is a virus that will never be eradicated5 or eliminated,” said Dr. Julie Jacobson, who is trained in clinical tropical medicine and is a senior program officer at the Gates Foundation, a private philanthropy.

She explained that encephalitis is a zoonotic infection that is found in humans, as well as in a variety of domesticated6 and wild animals. Pigs and migratory7 birds pose a special danger because they are so-called "amplifying8 hosts" - they store the virus in large amounts in their systems without getting sick.

When mosquitoes bite an infected pig or bird, they pick up the virus and can transmit it to humans when they bite them.

Jacobson said Japanese encephalitis, when it is not fatal, can leave victims with severe physical and mental damage.

“People’s personality changes - they have behavioral issues," she said. "A very striking finding is that within families when you are talking to them, the children who have survived, kids will not recognize a family member. So they will be crying, crying to talk to their sister, 'I want my sister, I want my sister I want to talk to my sister' - it is very devastating9 for families to have that kind of disability that comes to the household.”

Health experts say the best way to protect people against this crippling disease is to immunize them with the encephalitis vaccine10. They recommend that children especially be routinely vaccinated11. Jacobson said there also is an urgent need for public health agencies to step up surveillance and diagnostic operations in endemic countries - to look for early signs of encephalitis and take steps to limit its terrible toll12. 


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1 devastate PZRzy     
v.使荒芜，破坏，压倒
参考例句：
  • A few days before,a fire had devastated large parts of Windsor Castle.几天前，温莎城堡的大部分被一场大火烧毁。
  • Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis,which devastate coastal regions.地震还引发海啸，它直接破坏海岸地区。
2 monsoon 261zf     
n.季雨，季风，大雨
参考例句：
  • The monsoon rains started early this year.今年季雨降雨开始得早。
  • The main climate type in that region is monsoon.那个地区主要以季风气候为主要气候类型。
3 physically iNix5     
adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律
参考例句：
  • He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
  • Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
4 swelling OUzzd     
n.肿胀
参考例句：
  • Use ice to reduce the swelling. 用冰敷消肿。
  • There is a marked swelling of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结处有明显的肿块。
5 eradicated 527fe74fc13c68501cfd202231063f4a     
画着根的
参考例句：
  • Polio has been virtually eradicated in Brazil. 在巴西脊髓灰质炎实际上已经根除。
  • The disease has been eradicated from the world. 这种疾病已在全世界得到根除。
6 domesticated Lu2zBm     
adj.喜欢家庭生活的；（指动物）被驯养了的v.驯化( domesticate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • He is thoroughly domesticated and cooks a delicious chicken casserole. 他精于家务，烹制的砂锅炖小鸡非常可口。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The donkey is a domesticated form of the African wild ass. 驴是非洲野驴的一种已驯化的品种。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 migratory jwQyB     
n.候鸟，迁移
参考例句：
  • Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
  • This does not negate the idea of migratory aptitude.这并没有否定迁移能力这一概念。
8 amplifying 29631b8f34f8b755bf579c2bef5e2907     
放大，扩大( amplify的现在分词 )； 增强； 详述
参考例句：
  • Often they use borrowed funds, amplifying their gains and losses. 他们通常会用借贷的资金交易，从而放大收益或损失。
  • An amplifying type (or analog) device, as opposed to digital device. 放大器类（或模拟）器件，相对于数字器件而言的。
9 devastating muOzlG     
adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的
参考例句：
  • It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
  • Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。
10 vaccine Ki1wv     
n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的
参考例句：
  • The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
  • She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
11 vaccinated 8f16717462e6e6db3389d0f736409983     
[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的
参考例句：
  • I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
  • Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？
12 toll LJpzo     
n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)
参考例句：
  • The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
  • The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

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