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英文科普：孕妇过多接触三丁基锡易导致后代肥胖

时间：2013-01-18 08:25:17

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Exposing pregnant mice to low doses of the chemical tributyltin（三丁基锡） -- which is used in marine1hull2（船体，外壳） paint and PVC plastic -- can lead to obesity3 for multiple generations without subsequent exposure, a UC Irvine study has found. After exposing pregnant mice to TBT in concentrations similar to those found in the environment, researchers saw increased body fat, liver fat and fat-specific gene4 expression in their "children," "grandchildren" and "great-grandchildren" -- none of which had been exposed to the chemical.
 
These findings suggest that early-life exposure to endocrine（内分泌，激素）-disrupting compounds such as TBT can have permanent effects of fat accumulation without further exposure, said study leader Bruce Blumberg, UC Irvine professor of pharmaceutical5 sciences and developmental & cell biology. These effects appear to be inherited without DNA6 mutations occurring.
 
The study appears online January 15 in Environmental Health Perspectives, a publication of the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences.
 
Human exposure to TBT can occur through PVC plastic particles in dust and via leaching（沥滤） of the chemical and other related organotin（有机锡） compounds from PVC pipes and containers.
 
Significant levels of TBT have been reported in house dust -- which is particularly relevant for young children who may spend significant time on floors and carpets. Some people are exposed by ingesting seafood7 contaminated with TBT, which has been used in marine hull paint and is pervasive（普遍的） in the environment.
 
Blumberg categorizes TBT as an obesogen, a class of chemicals that promote obesity by increasing the number of fat cells or the storage of fat in existing cells. He and his colleagues first identified the role of obesogens in a 2006 publication and showed in 2010 that TBT acts in part by modifying the fate of mesenchymal stem cells during development, predisposing（素因性的） them to become fat cells.

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1 marine 77Izo     
adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵
参考例句：
  • Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
  • When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
2 hull 8c8xO     
n.船身；(果、实等的)外壳；vt.去(谷物等)壳
参考例句：
  • The outer surface of ship's hull is very hard.船体的外表面非常坚硬。
  • The boat's hull has been staved in by the tremendous seas.小船壳让巨浪打穿了。
3 obesity Dv1ya     
n.肥胖，肥大
参考例句：
  • One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
  • Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。
4 gene WgKxx     
n.遗传因子，基因
参考例句：
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
5 pharmaceutical f30zR     
adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的
参考例句：
  • She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
  • We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。
6 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句：
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
7 seafood 7j6zUl     
n.海产食品，海味，海鲜
参考例句：
  • There's an excellent seafood restaurant near here.离这儿不远有家非常不错的海鲜馆。
  • Shrimps are a popular type of seafood.小虾是比较普遍的一种海味。