VOA慢速英语2013 AS IT IS 2013-06-28 What's the Best Way to Give Food Aid?

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AS IT IS 2013-06-28 What's the Best Way to Give Food Aid?

From VOA Learning English, this is As It Is.

Welcome to the show. I’m Caty Weaver¹.

The United States is the leading supplier of food aidaround the world, at a cost of about 1.5 billion dollarsyearly. But critics say the system is slow and inefficient². The United States Congress is considering legislationthat may change how America provides food aid in thefuture.

Today, we have two reports that explore the issue offood aid. Does it work better when the aid is in the form of money? Or shouldsuch aid always be provided as food?

Humanitarian³ agencies in the Sahel area of Africa are struggling to deal with acycle of food crises. The United States government provides about 1.5 billiondollars in traditional food aid. But it is now considering directing as much as 45percent of that aid into newer food aid programs like “cash for work.” Theseprograms pay villagers to work on community improvement projects.

Jim Tedder⁴ reports.

It is market day in Sadio, a village in the Diourbel area of Senegal. It is alsopayday for about 800 people involved in the “Yokkute” program.

The aid organization Catholic Relief Service runs the program. It pays villagersto improve local agricultural and waste and water systems.

Yokkute means resilience in the local Wolof language. The program’s goal is to help Sadio’s population succeed again after years of poor harvests.

Program coordinator⁵ Pape Said says money is better than food for this at-riskcommunity.

“The people can buy the food they’d like to have. But people in need havemore needs than food alone, like healthcare. So with cash they can buy foodbut they can also address their other needs.”

But there can be problems with money as well. Some workers like Gass Kanewant their payment in food or food vouchers⁶. She wants to block familymembers from using her earnings⁷ to buy unnecessary things.

 “We prefer the food because it’s useful for the whole family.”

Catholic Relief Service does not force program participants to buy food withtheir money. However, the group pays workers on market day to help urgethem to choose food purchases.

Local shop owner Waly Faye says he can see the difference in sales.

“This program supports the merchants. Before, it was only between the aidprogram and the beneficiary. So with the Yokkute program, they have broughtin the small shop owners. So, instead of two players, now it’s three.”

Local farmers also profit. They can sell their produce and grain withoutcompetition from imported food. Catholic Relief Service’s Pape Said says theprogram’s workers also are improving crop production.

“In these half-moons, we are correcting the soil, which is mostly sand. So toincrease water retention⁸, we add manure⁹ and compost. Good fertilizationcould double, triple or quadruple the harvests.”

Aid groups are watching to see if the United States Agency for InternationalDevelopment will support more programs like Yokkute in the future.

I’m Jim Tedder.

Food for Peace is a United States aid program. It provides food grown in theUnited States to countries in need. But President Obama’s budget proposalfor 2014 makes some changes to the almost 60-year-old program. It wouldreplace some food shipments with money to purchase food within foreigncountries.

Some aid agencies welcome the proposed changes. But as ChristopherCruise tells us, farmers and millers¹⁰ in the central part of the United States saythe plan would hurt their businesses and cause job losses.

Bill Wykes of Plano, Illinois, is the chairman of the Illinois SoybeanAssociation. He has farmed for almost 40 years. He works the land that hisfamily has owned even longer.

A small amount of what his farm produces has always gone to people in need. The United States government pays him for the goods he provides.

“We’re glad to see it go and be used and help millions of people over the yearsto prevent malnutrition¹¹, starvation and things like that.”

Since the 1950s, food aid from American farms has travelled the world to helpfeed more than three billion people in 150 countries. The government aidprogram is called Food for Peace.

It has been a source of pride for farmers like Mr. Wykes. Many are stronglyopposed to the Obama administration's plan to send money in some casesinstead of farm goods.

“Well, it’s a ridiculous, ridiculous idea. Why not give them the best qualityinstead of trying to provide them with cash to go to a market that does nothave the quality or the commodity that is really needed.”

But the United States secretary of agriculture, Tom Vilsack, says changes to the program are necessary. He says the food aid process is too slow in manycases.

“The way we currently do business can basically add 11 to 14 weeks of delayin terms of getting food to where it’s needed most in an emergencycircumstance.”

But Dow Didion of Didion Milling in Cambria, Wisconsin, says the changescould result in lost jobs. He says the change could mean dismissals for asmany as 212 of his company’s employees.

“We have a large number of people in this portion of the business fromprocessing to packaging to quality insurance to logistics, so it would impact us in the jobs area.”

The United States government pays Didion Milling to process and packagehundreds of thousands of bags of food aid each month. Dow Didion says thatsends a stronger message to foreign countries than money.

“I don’t feel that cash will have the same impact that a bag that says ‘gift of theUnited States’ will have. We’re concerned about feeding the starving people aquality product and have concerns that if the program turns into a cashprogram, as to what will the money be used for.”

Agricultural and shipping¹² organizations are protesting the proposed changesto Food for Peace to American legislators.

I’m Christopher Cruise.

And that’s As It Is for today. I’m Caty Weaver. What do you think of As It Is?What subjects would you like to hear about on the show? Let us know. Visitour website at learningenglish.voanews.com and click on the Contact Us link.

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