美国科学60秒 SSS 2013-02-27
时间：2013-07-23 03:32:29
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（单词翻译）
As many San Franciscans have noticed, sourdough bread stays fresher longer than the regular stuff. Sourdough’s extended freshness is due to extra fermentation that traps more moisture in the dough1. But now we know that sourdough’s longevity2 is also because it can ward3 off mold. Because bacteria in some sourdough starters(起动装置；开胃菜；发酵剂；酵母) actually produce mold-killing compounds - essentially4 natural preservatives5(防腐剂).
Most sourdough starters contain strains(气质；性情；种类) of Lactobacillus(乳酸菌) bacteria, like the poster child Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis. Eight years ago, researchers
isolated6 another strain called Lactobacillus hammesii from a French sourdough starter.
They've now discovered that the strain pumps out a
potent7 antifungal as it digests bread flour. So they baked bread with the L. hammesii starter, sliced it, and waited. The loaf resisted mold for 12 days, a few days more than L. sanfranciscensis sourdough, and twice as long as typical bread. Those results are in the journal
Applied8 and Environmental Microbiology.
L. hammesii isn't the most common sourdough strain. But the researchers say it could eliminate the need for added preservatives, which would mean store-bought sourdough that's additive-free and lasts for weeks. Assuming you can wait that long to eat it.
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