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考研英语复习:四种常见长难句类型解析

时间:2013-10-29 13:34:08

(单词翻译:单击)

   长难句是英语考试中必考的内容,许多同学之所以英语成绩不高,正是因为阅读习惯和思维方式受到句子长度和难度的干扰,这也是出题者的意图所在。下面英语辅导专家给大家介绍几种常见的英语长难句,方便大家复习。

  含有分隔结构的句子
  分隔结构在英语表达中经常出现,它的作用主要是调整语气、补充信息以及平衡句子结构。在阅读长难句中出现较多的分隔形式是插入语。
  插入语有很多不同的类型,可以是一个词,比如形容词(strange,etc)、副词(personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,etc);可以是短语,比如形容词短语(worst still,sure enough,etc)、介词短语(of course,in short,as a matter of fact,by the way,etc)、分词短语、动词不定式(to be sure,to tell you the truth,etc);也可以是句子,比如if I may say so,if you don‘t mind,that is(to say)等都是非常常见的插入语。
  被从句拉长的简单句
  这些句子较长,有时甚至出现一个从句套另一个从句、环环相扣的情况。遇到这种情况时,考生在阅读过程中经常会遗忘前面刚刚读过的内容,往往读了几遍,还搞不清整个句子的结构。
  如:Probablythere is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to setin motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differingin degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes ofnatural phenomenon.
  事实上,无论多长多复杂的句子,都是由主干和修饰成分这两部分组成的。主干是整句话的主体框架,主要指主谓宾结构(He playsbasketball)或主系表结构(This is anapple)。修饰成分可以是单词,可以是短语,也可以是从句,无论是何种形式,它在句中都只起到修饰和补充主干的作用。因此,对于这种类型的长句,提醒大家要做的首先是确定主干,然后理清从句结构,再按照所确定的各个成分想想句子的大意,再联系上下文看是否与语境相吻合。如果前后文理不通,则可能是分析有误,这时就需要对句子结构重新进行分析。
  多个并列句构成的长句
  这是一种相对简单的情况,我们首先要做的就是找到并列连词(and, so,but, or, etc),然后将长句分解成多个分句,理清各分句的内部结构和句意,然后再综合考虑全句,即可明了整句话想表达的意思。如:In the1970s he was a surgeon at Yale,had awonderful wife and five beautiful children,but he was terribly unhappy.
  复合从句
  对于复合从句,要首先找出从属连词并确定主句,接着按照简单句的分析方法,梳理各分句的结构和意义,然后确定各从句的性质,也就是明确每个从句在句中分别修饰哪些词语或结构,最后综合整体考虑全句大意。如:In theearly industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—withall the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread overnearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the sameprocess in a decade or so.
  在这个句子中,首先确定连词whereas(而)表示对比,确定主句并找出主干结构,也就是the processof industrialization—was spread over nearly a century,破折号中间的短语是附加成分,修饰主语中心词process,其中social patterns后面that followed是一个定语从句。

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0 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
0 beautiful AuVzS     
adj.美的,美丽的;出色的,完美的
参考例句:
  • How beautiful the park is!这公园多美呀!
  • Mary has a beautiful voice.玛丽的声音很美。
0 causes efae2e5474683275c05fc3370e4ddcb3     
n.原因( cause的名词复数 );动机;(某种行为、感情等的)理由;缘故
参考例句:
  • The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes. 这本书分析了贫困及其原因。
  • an essay on the causes of the First World War 关于第一次世界大战起因的文章
0 century jUSyd     
n.世纪;百年
参考例句:
  • As a writer, he really belongs to the 18 th century. 作为一个作家, 他的确属于18世纪。
  • We live in the 21st century.我们生活在二十一世纪。
0 changes 5a9d18bb87ff12835dc844883c5c3ebe     
n.(会令人感兴趣或可喜的)变化( change的名词复数 );换车;辅币;变迁
参考例句:
  • How will these changes affect us? 这些变化对我们会有什么影响?
  • It's difficult to assess the effects of these changes. 这些变化带来的效果难以评估。
0 complex kOez4     
adj.复杂的,合成的,综合的;n.联合体
参考例句:
  • What he said was too complex for me to understand.他说的太复杂了,我无法了解。
  • Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law.正义是复杂的法律机器的一部分。
0 countries 71bee43a7a930f904d6194833b9619c9     
n.国家( country的名词复数 );国土;郊外;地区
参考例句:
  • A free trade agreement would be advantageous to both countries. 自由贸易协定对两国都会有利。
  • a comparative study of the educational systems of two countries 两国教育制度的比较研究
0 course 1zcx6     
n.课程,讲座,过程,路线,一道(菜)
参考例句:
  • The college course was then cut to three years.大学学制那时缩短到三年。
  • Of course,I don't always sleep in the afternoons.当然,我并不总是在下午睡觉。
0 decade 2x4xx     
n.十年,十年期
参考例句:
  • Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.过去的十年间,物价一直在上涨。
  • The century has rounded into its ninth decade.本世纪已进入了90年代。
0 degree cx3xN     
n.学位,等级,程度,度数
参考例句:
  • I got my degree last year.我去年获得学位了。
  • Do you know the degree of the round angle?你知道周角的度数吗?
0 developing futzl4     
adj.发展中的
参考例句:
  • Transport has always been the key to developing trade.运输一直是发展贸易的关键。
  • They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
0 Europe CtKz9J     
n.欧洲
参考例句:
  • Have you traveled in Europe?你到欧洲旅行过吗?
  • We're planning to visit Europe this summer.我们正打算今年夏天去欧洲旅行。
0 followed followed     
v.跟随,接着( follow的过去式和过去分词 );继承;(按时间、顺序等)接着;从事
参考例句:
  • The overthrow of the military regime was followed by a period of anarchy. 军事统治政权被推翻以后,接着是一段时期的无政府状态。
  • War was followed by many years of austerity. 紧随战争的是多年的经济紧缩。
0 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
0 industrialized Lq2z45     
adj.工业的,工业化的
参考例句:
  • Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet. 污染就是我们为这个人口过密,过度工业化的星球所付出的代价。 来自新概念英语第三册
  • Industrialized countries must reduce carbon dioxide emissions. 工业化国家必须减少二氧化碳的排放。
0 matter cBExQ     
n.事情;问题;麻烦事,毛病
参考例句:
  • It is just a matter of time.这只是个时间问题。
  • This matter is very important.这件事很重要。
0 motion nEzxY     
n.打手势,示意,移动,动作,提议,大便;v.运动,向...打手势,示意
参考例句:
  • She could feel the rolling motion of the ship under her feet.她能感觉到脚下船在晃动。
  • Don't open the door while the train is in motion.列车运行时,请勿打开车门。
0 nation rF4xW     
n.民族;国家;国民
参考例句:
  • The President gave an address to the nation over the radio.总统向全国发表广播演说。
  • The country needs a leader who will hold the nation together.这个国家需要有一个能把全民族团结起来的领袖。
0 nearly 5Gtxq     
adv.将近,几乎,差不多
参考例句:
  • I nearly missed the bus.我险些错过了公交车。
  • It is nearly two years since I came here.我来这儿快两年了。
0 nowadays YH3x0     
n.现在,现时,当今;adv.时下,现今
参考例句:
  • Nowadays it is very easy to earn a living.现今谋生很容易。
  • Nowadays petrol costs too much.如今的汽油太贵了。
0 occasion DIAxo     
n.场合,时机,机会,诱因,理由;vt.惹起,引起
参考例句:
  • Her dress was too showy for such a formal occasion.在如此正式的场合,她的服装过分华丽了。
  • Her tears were fought back on such an occasion.在这种场合下她忍住了眼泪。
0 patterns 9dea51b41ad380aa83f2a25a7cecc5eb     
榜样( pattern的名词复数 ); 样品; 花样; 方式
参考例句:
  • changing patterns of behaviour 行为变化模式
  • a rightward shift in voting patterns 选举格局的右倾化转变
0 phenomenon DNQxo     
n.现象,特殊的人,特殊的事物,奇迹
参考例句:
  • Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians.贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。
  • How do you explain this phenomenon?这种现象怎样解释?
0 process mQZxL     
n.程序,进行,过程;vt.加工,处理,对…处置,对…起诉;adj.经加工的,三色版的
参考例句:
  • The bridge is in the process of being built.大桥正在建设中。
  • We will process your order at once.我们立刻处理您的订单。
0 reasoning kTAxV     
n.推理,论证;运用思考、理解、推想等能力的做法或过程;论究,论断v.推理,思考;争辩;说服adj.推理的;有关推理的
参考例句:
  • the exaltation of emotion above logical reasoning 把情感提高到逻辑推理之上
  • What is the reasoning behind this decision? 作出这个决定的依据是什么?
0 scientific xZIxd     
adj.科学的;符合科学规律的,精确的
参考例句:
  • Most students in our class go in for scientific activities.我们班上大多数学生参加各项科学活动。
  • Look at the matter purely from the scientific point of view.用科学眼光看待事物。
0 social kwLwt     
adj.社会的,群居的,社团的
参考例句:
  • The ant is a social insect.蚂蚁是一种群居昆虫。
  • As a social worker,she does a lot of work.作为一个社会工作者,她做了大量的工作。
0 spread brsyD     
n.传播,散布,伸展;adj.扩延的,伸展的;vt.展开,铺开;传播,推广;伸出;涂,敷
参考例句:
  • The news spread very widely.这消息传播得很广。
  • She spread a cloth on the table.她用一块布铺在餐桌上。
0 surgeon mHYz9     
n.外科医生,军医,船上的医生
参考例句:
  • His injuries were not such as to need a surgeon.他的伤还不是那种需要外科医生治的伤。
  • The surgeon is now operating.外科医生正在做手术。
0 terribly 7pOwF     
adv.可怕地,甚为,非常地
参考例句:
  • It's terribly hot here.这里热得厉害。
  • After her husband's death she felt terribly alone.丈夫死后,她感到非常地孤独。
0 though lIRzS     
conj.虽然,尽管;即使;可是,不过,然而;adv.可是,不过,然而
参考例句:
  • It's quite pleasant today,though the wind is rather cool.尽管风有点凉,今天天气还是很不错的。
  • I will have a try even though I should fail.哪怕失败,我也要试一下。
0 through 1IMzX     
adv.穿越,完全;prep.经过,穿过,凭借
参考例句:
  • He was running through the streets.他跑着穿过条条街道。
  • The train went through a tunnel.火车通过一条隧道。
0 tracing 4ab7d471b85d867f917bf1a97f4224ec     
追踪; 追查; 描摹; 摹图
参考例句:
  • She is tracing laboriously now. 她正在费力地写。
  • He knew they were tracing him. 他知道他们正在追踪他。
0 train 8now0     
n.火车
参考例句:
  • I love travelling by train.我喜欢乘火车旅行。
  • We usually go by train.我们通常坐火车去。
0 undergo Ikuww     
vt.经历,经受,忍受
参考例句:
  • The planes have to undergo rigorous safety checks.飞机必须经过严密的安全检查。
  • The explorers had to undergo much suffering.探险者不得不忍受很多困苦。
0 unhappy jkuwH     
adj.不幸的,不愉快的,不幸福的
参考例句:
  • With all his money,he is unhappy.尽管他有那么多钱,他也并不愉快。
  • I'm unhappy about the work you did for me.你替我做这件事我不太满意。
0 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
0 whereas XgQwB     
conj.而,却,反之
参考例句:
  • They want a house,whereas we would rather live in a flat.他们想要一座房子,而我们宁愿住在一套房间里。
  • Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他,而有些人谴责他。
0 wife IgdwQ     
n.妻子,太太,老婆
参考例句:
  • She is my wife.她是我妻子。
  • He is a tall man but his wife is a short woman.他是个子很高的男人,但他妻子很矮。